Table 3.
Relationship of maternal nutritional status and socioeconomic status to malaria antibody immunity at 36 weeks
| Body mass index at enrolment (kg/m 2 ) | Socioeconomic status (high/low) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted | Adjusted a | Adjusted p-value a | Unadjusted | Adjusted b | Adjusted p-value b | |
| IgG to placental-binding isolate VSA | −0.88 (−1.66, −0.10)* | −0.72 (−1.57, 0.12) | 0.095 | −13.9 (−18.25, −9.58)* | −9.54 (−14.74, −4.35)* | <0.001* |
| Opsonizing antibodies to placental-binding isolate VSA | −0.86 (−1.65, −0.06)* | −1.04 (−1.84, −0.24)* | 0.011* | −14.7 (−19.18, −10.27)* | −5.47 (−10.43, −0.50)* | 0.031* |
| Opsonizing antibodies to non-placental-binding isolate VSA | −0.53 (−1.11, 0.06) | 0.25 (−0.20, 0.70) | 0.272 | −4.07 (−7.42, −0 .70)* | −0.59 (−3.38, 2.20) | 0.678 |
| MSP-1 19kD | −0.08 (−0.53, 0.37) | 0.45 (−0.02, 0.92) | 0.060 | −1.62 (−4.19, 0.96) | −1.39 (−4.36, 1.57) | 0.355 |
| MSP-2 | −0.40 (−0.88, 0.08) | 0.14 (−0.37, 0.65) | 0.595 | −2.41 (−5.12, 0.30) | −0.26 (−3.46, 2.94) | 0.874 |
| MSP-3 | −0.01 (−0.47, 0.44) | 0.06 (−0.57, 0.69) | 0.856 | −0.83 (−3.43, 1.77) | 0.38 (−3.55, 4.31) | 0.849 |
| PfRh2 | −0.30 (−0.77, 0.17) | −0.66 (−1.32, −0.004)* | 0.051* | −0.49 (−3.17, 2.18) | 0.49 (−3.64, 4.61) | 0.817 |
| EBA-175 | −0.15 (−0.46, 0.16) | 0.11 (−0.28, 0.50) | 0.573 | −1.12 (−2.89, 0.65) | −0.22 (−2.66, 2.22) | 0.858 |
| Schizont extract | −0.64 (−1.35, 0.07) | −1.22 ( −2.08, −0.37)* | 0.005* | −5.17 (−9.24, −1.10)* | −0.55 (−6.12, 5.01) | 0.845 |
Data presented as regression coefficient (95% confidence interval).
aPercentage antibody levels at 36 gestation week adjusted for gravidity, maternal age, HIV, malaria infection at enrolment, bed net use, location of residence, antibody levels at enrolment, socioeconomic status, supplementation group.
bPercentage antibody levels at 36 gestation week adjusted for gravidity, maternal age, HIV, malaria infection at enrolment, bed net use, location of residence, antibody levels at enrolment, body mass index at enrolment, supplementation group.
Statistical test: Multivariate linear regression analysis. Data reported as regression coefficient (95% confidence interval) and p-values. *Significant associations.