Table 1.

Summary of clinical findings of patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA)

Case No.	Age at death (years)	Gender	Disease duration (years)	Clinical diagnosis	Pathological diagnosis	Initial symptoms	Symptoms
							Parkinsonian signs	Cerebellar signs	OH	UD	Constipation	Dyshidrosis	Impotence
1	49	F	7	MSA-P	MSA-P	limping	+	−	−	+	+	+	−
2	57	F	1	spinocerebellar degeneration	MSA-C	ataxia	−	+	−	−	−	−	−
3	58	M	7	SDS	MSA-C	UD, constipation, impotence	+	+	+	+	+	−	+
4	61	M	7	MSA-P	MSA-P	UD	+	+	−	+	+	−	−
5	61	F	4.5	MSA-P	MSA-P	tremor	+	+	−	+	+	−	−
6	63	F	3	MSA-P	MSA-P	gait disturbance	+	−	+	+	−	−	−
7	65	M	7	MSA-C	MSA-C	gait disturbance	+	+	−	+	+	−	−
8	65	M	14	MSA-C	MSA-P	gait disturbance	+	+	+	+	−	−	−
9	66	M	9	SDS	MSA-P	UD	+	+	+	+	+	−	−
10	66	M	13	MSA-C	MSA-C	sensory disturbance	+	+	+	+	+	−	−
11	69	M	8	SDS	MSA-C	snoring	−	+	+	+	+	−	−
12	71	F	<1	neurologically normal	MSA-C	none	−	−	−	−	−	−	−
13	75	M	8	progressive supranuclear palsy	MSA-P	gait disturbance	+	+	+	+	−	−	−
14	79	M	4	SDS	MSA-C	unsteady gait	−	+	+	+	−	−	−

OH, orthostatic hypotension; UD, urogenital dysfunction; SDS, Shy-Drager syndrome; +, present;−, absent