Skip to main content
. 2014 Dec;32(4):665–676.

Table 5.

Associations between Serving Score (SS) and sociodemographics, diabetes history, and anthropometric measures in simple and multiple regression models

Characteristics Simple regression† Multiple regression‡
β (95% CI) p value β (95% CI) p value
Sociodemographic characteristics

  •   Gender (male vs female)

  •   Age (years)

  •   Ethnicity (Chinese vs Malay)

  • Ethnicity (Indian vs Malay)

  •   Marital status (single/widowed vs married)

  •   Education (years)

  •   Working status (non-working vs working)

  •   Personal income (medium vs low)

  • Personal income (high vs low)

  •   Household income (medium vs low)

  • Household income (high vs low)

  • 1.61 (0.33, 2.88)

  • -0.07 (-0.13, −0.01)

  • -1.29 (-2.84, 0.26)

  • -1.34 (-2.94, 0.25)

  • -1.03 (-2.81, 0.76)

  • 0.28 (0.14, 0.42)

  • -0.56 (-1.88, 0.77)

  • 0.49 (-1.07, 2.06)

  • 2.24 (0.73, 3.74)

  • 1.14 (-0.44, 2.72)

  • 1.81 (0.27, 3.36)

  • 0.014

  • 0.031

  • 0.101

  • 0.099

  • 0.256

  • 0.000*

  • 0.406

  • 0.535

  • 0.004

  • 0.155

  • 0.022

 0.29 (0.15, 0.43) 0.000***
Diabetes history

  •   Duration of diabetes (years)

  •   Type of treatment (with insulin vs no insulin)

  • -0.01 (-0.08, 0.06)

  • -0.18 (-1.50, 1.15)

  • 0.801

  • 0.792
Anthropometric measures

  •   BMI (overweight vs normal range)

  • BMI (pre-obese/obese vs normal range)

  •   Waist-circumference (cm)

  •   Waist-to-hip ratio

  • -2.54 (-5.41, 0.33)

  • -2.55 (-5.28, 0.18)

  • 0.03 (-0.03, 0.07)

  • 10.06 (1.26, 18.86)

  • 0.083

  • 0.066

  • 0.324

  • 0.025

  • -3.85 (-6.50, −1.20)

  • -3.87 (-6.41, −1.33)

  •  

  • 9.58 (1.24, 17.92)

  • 0.005**

  • 0.003**

  •  

  • 0.025*

Variables that had a p<0.25 in the simple linear regression models are shown in bold and were chosen for backward stepwise multiple linear regression analysis.

†Simple linear regression, association is significant at *p<0.004 (Bonferroni adjustment);

‡Backward stepwise multiple linear regression, association is significant at *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, R=0.467, R2=0.218, Adjusted R2=0.189, F (4,108)=7.520, p<0.0001, Durbin-Watson=2.164; β=Coefficient; BMI=Body mass index; CI=Confidence interval