Figure 3.

Magnetic resonance enterography images illustrating an example of a non-response to one-year anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapy in a patient with Crohn’s disease: (a) Week 0 - before anti-TNF therapy. T2-weighted sequence demonstrating thickening of a bowel wall (white arrows) with stenosis of the bowel lumen with prestenotic dilatation (asterisk). (b) Week 0 - before anti-TNF therapy. Dynamic contrast enhanced T1-volume interpolated gradient-echo sequence demonstrating thickening of a bowel wall with enhancing in the various layers of the wall - hyperintense signal corresponding to edema in acute inflammation and dilatation of lumen (white arrows). (c) Week 52. T2-weighted sequence demonstrating increase of thickening of the bowel wall (white arrow) with stenosis of lumen and prestenotic dilatation (asterisk) after one-year anti-TNF therapy. (d) Week 52. Dynamic contrast enhanced T1-volume interpolated gradient-echo sequence demonstrating increase of thickening of the bowel wall with enhancement typical for activity of inflammation (white arrows) – after one-year anti-TNF therapy.