Table 3.
Odds Ratios and Adjusted Odds Ratios of the Comparison for Intervention Health Facilities Between Intervention and Historical Time Periods Adjusted for Age, HIV Status, and Gender and Clustering by Health Facility
| Process/Outcome Indicator | IDCAP Project Sept 2010–Aug 2011a | TB REACH Jan–Oct 2012a | OR (95% CI) | P Value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | P Value | Sample Size for Regression |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Presumptive TB Cases | |||||||
| 1 Proportion of presumptive TB cases with a sputum smeard | 3.44% (453/13 151) | 64.70% (4119/6366) | 51.38 (20.04, 131.76) | <.001 | N/A | ||
| 2 Proportion of presumptive TB cases with an HIV testd | 6.74% (886/13 151) | 63.37% (4034 /6366) | 23.95 (12.96, 44.25) | <.001 | N/A | ||
| 3 Proportion of smear-positive TB casesb | 16.34% (74/453) | 7.97% (433/5436) | 0.44 (0.27-0.72) | <.001 | 0.36 (0.18-0.73) | .005 | 4660 |
| 4 Proportion of smear-positive new TB cases started on treatmentb | 31.51% (75/238) | 87.76% (380/433) | 15.58 (7.08, 34.29) | <.001 | 15.36 (6.57, 35.91) | <.001 | 668 |
| TB Patients | |||||||
| 5 Proportion of TB patients tested for HIV | 87.77% (244/278) | 98.75% (473/479) | 11.03 (5.13, 23.70) | <.001 | 11.43 (5.17, 25.25) | <.001 | 757 |
| 6 Proportion of TB/HIV coinfected started on ART | 23.68% (27/114) | 66.67% (132/198) | 6.44 (2.53, 16.44) | <.001 | 6.40 (2.46, 16.70) | <.001 | 312 |
| 7 Proportion of TB patients who are smear or bacteriologically positivec | 69.26% (169/244) | 72.52% (343/473) | 1.15 (0.41, 3.22) | .783 | 1.14 (0.40, 3.29) | .804 | 717 |
| 8 Proportion of TB patients who are sputum smear negative or extrapulmonary TB casesc | 4.10% (10/244) | 10.78% (51/473) | 2.69 (1.33, 5.43) | .006 | 2.97 (1.31, 6.73) | .009 | 717 |
Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; CI, confidence interval; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IDCAP, Infectious Diseases Integrated Infectious Diseases Capacity Building Evaluation; N/A, not applicable; OR, odds ratio; TB, tuberculosis.
a IDCAP project period was from September 2010 to August 2011. Project period refers to the 10-month period from January 2012 to October 2012 with outcome follow-up through June 2013.
b For proportion of smear-positive patients started on treatment, the analysis did not adjust for HIV status because missing data for this variable dropped the control arm sample size by 60% from 48 to 19. In addition, the proportion of smear-positive patients started on treatment (denominator) does not match the proportion smear-positive (numerator) in the IDCAP historical control baseline data because 2 different data sources were used. For proportion smear-positive patients, the MF5 was the data source rather than the Tuberculosis Laboratory Register. Only information on sputum smear-positive patients was extracted from the Tuberculosis Laboratory Register. For proportion of smear-positive started on treatment, the Tuberculosis Laboratory linked to the Tuberculosis Unit Register is the data source.
c For the IDCAP historical baseline data, the numerators of smear/bacteriologically positive and sputum smear negative/extrapulmonary TB do not add up to the denominator because some patients did not have a test result recorded in the TB Register.
d For indicators 1–2, individual analysis was not possible because the TB REACH data for these indicators use 2 separate data sources that were not linked at the individual level.