Table I.
Association between lipid levels and bone metabolism (represented as BMD, bone mass and risk of fracture) in clinical trials.
| Study cohort | Lipid levels vs. BMD, bone mass and risk of fracture | Ref. |
|---|---|---|
| 45 asymptomatic post-menopausal females | Negative association between TC levels and bone mass | (5) |
| 214 post-menopausal Japanese females (aged 47–86 years) | Levels of LDL-C negatively, but those of HDL-C positively, related to lumbar spine radius and BMD There is an inverse association between TG levels and the risk of vertebral fractures |
(9) |
| 52 overweight early postmenopausal females from Spain | The levels of TC, LDL-C and Lp(a) were negatively associated with BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck | (10) |
| 465 males and 448 females from the UK | Positive association between TG levels and BMD of the lumbar spine and total femoral region Negative association between HDL-C levels and BMD of the lumbar spine and total femoral region |
(11) |
| 241 osteoporotic Czech females and 98 age-matched controls | Negative association between cholesterol levels and bone mass | (12) |
| 368 older males (age, 78.8 years), half of them with osteopenia | The TG levels were negatively correlated with calcaneal bone mass | (13) |
| 107 post-menopausal Turkish females (aged 45–79 years) | An increase in TC levels by 1 mg/dl reduced the risk of vertebral fracture by 2.2% Weak inverse correlation between TC and LDL-C levels, and BMD at the forearm UD region, after controlling for confounders |
(14) |
| 762 older males followed up for 10 years | Negative association between TG levels and incidence of fractures | (15) |
| 712 females and 450 males enrolled in the Framingham osteoporosis study (aged 32–61 years) | No association between TC levels and BMD was found for any of the bone sites | (16) |
| 340 post-menopausal females from Denmark (aged 50–75 years) | Negative association between TC levels and BMD of the lumbar spine and distal forearm Negative association between TC levels and BMD of the lumbar spine after adjustment for age and BMI. No association between TC levels and BMD of the spine |
(17) |
| 7137 men, 4585 premenopausal females, and 2248 postmenopausal females from China | Negative association between TC, TG, LDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio and whole-body bone mineral content | (18) |
BMD, bone mineral density; TC, total cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; Lp(a), lipoprotein (a); BMI, body mass index; Ref, reference number; UD, ultra distal.