NDRG1 induces cell death in a caspase-dependent manner. NDRG1 affects constitutive and inducible p-AKT expression in SHG-44 and U87 MG glioma cells, and overexpression of NDRG1 downregulates the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins. (A and B) Flow cytometry results of annexin V-PI staining of glioma cells following transfection with siNDRG1 or RV-NDRG1. An increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells following transfection with RV-NDRG1 is shown. Values are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation of three independent experiments. (C) Changes in protein expression levels of anti- or pro-apoptotic proteins following transfection with siNDRG1 or RV-NDRG1. β-actin was used as the internal control. NDRG1, N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1; p, phosphorylated; si, small interfering RNA; RV, retrovirus; NC, negative control; Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma 2; Bax, Bcl-2-associated X protein; xL, extra large; PARP; poly(ADP ribose) polymerase; PI, propidium iodide.