Table 1.
Monoclonal antibodies in various stages of clinical investigation for the treatment of multiple myeloma
| Mechanisms of action | Target | Agent | Trial phase |
|---|---|---|---|
| Targeting proteins expressed on myeloma cells or involving myeloma cell adhesion | CS1 | Elotuzumab | III |
| CD38 | Daratumumab | II | |
| MOR03087 | I/II | ||
| SAR650984 | I | ||
| CD138 | BT062 (nBT062-SPBD-DM4 conjugate) | I/II | |
| CD40 | Dacetuzumab (SGN-40) | I | |
| Lucatumumab (HCD122, CHIR 12.12) | II | ||
| CD56 | Lorvotuzumab (IMGN901, huN901-DM1 conjugate) | I | |
| CD74 | Milatuzumab (hLL1, IMMU-115) | I/II | |
| Milatuzumab-Dox (hLL1-DOX, milatuzumab-doxorubicin conjugate) | I/II | ||
| CD200 | ALXN6000 | I/II | |
| ICAM-1 (CD54) | BI-505 | I | |
| Neutralizing growth factors in bone marrow microenvironment or inhibiting growth-promoting receptors | IL6 | Siltuximab (CNTO-328) | II |
| VEGF | Bevacizumab | II | |
| IGF-1R | AVE1642 | I | |
| Figitumumab (CP-751,871) | I | ||
| MK0646 | I | ||
| BAFF | Tabalumab (LY2127399) | II | |
| Targeting mediators of bone disease | RANKL | Denosumab | III |
| DKK1 | BHQ880 | I/II | |
| Improving antimyeloma immune responses | PD-1 | CT-011 | I |
| KIR | IPH2101 (1-7F9) | II | |
| Others | TRAIL-R1 | Mapatumumab | II |
Abbreviations: BAFF, B-cell activating factor; IGF-1R, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor; IL6, interleukin 6; KIR, killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor; PD-1, programmed cell death 1; RANKL, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; DKK1, dickkopf-1; ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1; TRAIL-R1, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand-receptor 1.