Table 1.

Residues responsible for RFP phenotypes and properties

Phenotype or property	Structure or transition	Key positions
mTagBFP-like	4	84a Phe, Trp, Leu		148a Phe, Ile	203a Ile, Tyr, Phe
Fluorescent timer-like	4 → 5a, 6a	69a Arg			84a Trp
Photoactivatable-like	4 → 5a,6a	69a Asn, Ser, Lys, Gln			203a Arg
Photoswitchable-like	5a ↔ 6a	148a Cys, Ala, Thr, Ser		165a Ser, Gly, Ile	167a Met, Gln	203a His, Ile
Far-red shifted–like
Hydrogen bonding to N-acylimine	7a	14b Thr, Phe		16b Thr, Glu, Gln, Val	44b Gly, Gln, Glu, Ala, Cys, Met
Hydrophobic packing	7c	84c Phe, Leu, Trp		148c His, Ser, Cys, Asn	165c Met,T,C, Asn, Ser	167c Mer, Leu, Gln
π stacking	7b	65c Phe, Met, Gln		69c His	148c His, Ser, Cys, Asn	203c Tyr, His, Arg, Thr, Ile
Large Stokes shift–like	5b, 6b ↔ 5a, 6a	148b Asp		165b Asp, Glu	167b Asp, Glu, Lys
High quantum yield		70c Thr		148c Ser, Asn	167c Met
High photostability		64a His		99a Tyr	165c Thr, Ala, Ile
High pH stability			69b Arg		167b Lys
Fast maturation		42c Gln		69c Lys, Arg	179c Val, Ala, Cys	224c Ser, Ala
Monomeric state		126c Arg		162c Glu, Lys, Arg	166c Asp, Lys, His	168c Ala, Arg

^aResidues at this position provide the respective phenotype in a concerted manner (residue numbering follows that for jellyfish GFP).

^bResidues at this position provide the respective phenotype independently.

^cResidues at this position provide the respective phenotype either in a concerted manner or independently.