Table 1.
Clinical characteristics for the 148 study samples
| All study samples | Multivariate analysis1 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TX | AR | ADNR | Significance2 | Significance (phenotypes) |
Significance (phenotypes/cohorts) |
|
| Subject numbers | 46 | 63 | 39 | – | – | – |
| Recipient age ± SD (years) | 50.1 ± 14.5 | 44.9 ± 14.3 | 49.7 ± 14.6 | NS3 | NS | NS |
| % Female recipients | 34.8 | 23.8 | 20.5 | NS | NS | NS |
| % Recipient African American | 6.8 | 12.7 | 12.8 | NS | NS | NS |
| % Pre-TX Type II diabetes | 25.0 | 17.5 | 21.6 | NS | NS | NS |
| % PRA >20 | 29.4 | 11.3 | 11.5 | NS | NS | NS |
| HLA mismatch ± SD | 4.2 ± 2.1 | 4.3 ± 1.6 | 3.7 ± 2.1 | NS | NS | NS |
| % Deceased donor | 43.5 | 65.1 | 53.8 | NS | NS | NS |
| Donor age ± SD (years) | 40.3 ± 14.5 | 38.0 ± 14.3 | 46.5 ± 14.6 | NS | NS | NS |
| % Female donors | 37.0 | 50.8 | 46.2 | NS | NS | NS |
| % Donor African American | 3.2 | 4.9 | 13.3 | NS | NS | NS |
| % Delayed graft function | 19.0 | 34.4 | 29.0 | NS | NS | NS |
| % Induction | 63.0 | 84.1 | 82.1 | NS | NS | NS |
| Serum creatinine ± SD (mg/dL) | 1.5 ± 0.5 | 3.2 ± 2.8 | 2.7 ± 1.8 | TX vs. AR = 0.00001; TX vs. ADNR = 0.0002; AR vs. ADNR = NS | TX vs. AR = 0.04; TX vs. ADNR = 0.01 | TX vs. AR vs. ADNR = 0.00002; AR vs. ADNR = NS |
| Time to biopsy ± SD (days) | 512 ± 1359 | 751 ± 1127 | 760 ± 972 | NS | NS | NS |
| Biopsy ≤365 days (%) | 27 (54.2%) | 38 (49.0%) | 23 (52.4%) | NS | NS | NS |
| Biopsy >365 days (%) | 19 (45.8%) | 32 (51.0%) | 18 (47.6%) | NS | NS | NS |
| % Calcineurin inhibitors | 89.7 | 94.0 | 81.1 | NS | NS | NS |
| % Mycophenolic acid derivatives | 78.3 | 85.7 | 84.6 | NS | NS | NS |
| % Oral steroids | 26.1 | 65.1 | 74.4 | TX vs. AR = 0.001; TX vs. ADNR = 0.001 | TX vs. ADNR = 0.04 | NS |
| C4d positive staining (%)4 | 0/13 (0%) | 12/36 (33.3%) | 1/20 (5%) | NS | NS | NS |
ADNR, acute dysfunction with no rejection by biopsy histology; AR, acute rejection; TX, excellent functioning transplant.
A multivariate logistic regression model was used with a Wald test correction. In the first analysis (phenotypes), we used all 148 samples and in the second analysis (phenotypes/cohorts), we did the analysis for each randomized set of two cohorts (discovery and validation).
Significance for all comparisons were determined with paired Student’s t-test for pair-wise comparisons of data with standard deviations and for dichotomous data comparisons by chi-square.
NS, not significant (p ≥ 0.05).
Subjects with biopsy-positive staining for C4d and total number of subjects whose biopsies were stained for C4d with (%).