Table 3.
Two-Step Regression Model: Self-Reported Hypertension, Self-Reported Diabetes, and Lung Function Predicting Cognitive Performance in African American Men After Adjustment for Covariates (N = 257).
| SPMSQ β (SE) | Digit symbol β (SE) | Backward digit span β (SE) | Alpha span β (SE) | Cognitive composite β (SE) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 |
| Age | −.055 (0.077) |
.054 (0.080) |
.046 (0.089) |
−.503** (0.056) |
−.379** (0.056) |
−.400* (0.062) |
−.055 (0.077) |
.054 (0.080) |
.046 (0.089) |
−.106 (0.084) |
−.114 (0.089) |
.158 (0.097) |
−.214* (0.053) |
−.112 (0.055) |
−.153 (0.060) |
| Education | .304** (0.251) |
.256* (0.251) |
.225 (0.301) |
.306** (0.183) |
.252** (0.176) |
.293** (0.209) |
.304 (0.251) |
.256* (0.251) |
.225 (0.301) |
.383** (0.276) |
.376** (0.283) |
.490** (0.330) |
.423** (0.174) |
.372** (0.172) |
.404** (0.205) |
| Marital status | −.047 (0.571) |
−.071 (0.561) |
−.078 (0.588) |
.045 (0.416) |
.022 (0.393) |
.038 (0.409) |
−.047 (0.571) |
−.071 (0.561) |
−.078 (0.588) |
−.109 (0.604) |
−.108 (0.612) |
−.058 (0.623) |
−.039 (0.396) |
−.062 (0.385) |
−.045 (0.401) |
| Smoking status | −.077 (1.992) |
−.110 (1.967) |
−.105 (2.041) |
.062 (1.451) |
.023 (1.381) |
.036 (1.418) |
−.077 (1.992) |
−.110 (1.967) |
−.105 (2.041) |
.017 (2.091) |
.016 (2.133) |
.016 (2.143) |
−.034 (1.381) |
−.066 (1.350) |
−.053 (1.391) |
| Functional status | .051 (0.719) |
.103 (0.723) |
.108 (0.742) |
−.113 (0.524) |
−.065 (0.507) |
−.061 (0.517) |
.051 (0.719) |
.103 (0.723) |
.108 (0.742) |
.079 (0.768) |
.078 (0.796) |
.068 (0.794) |
.016 (0.499) |
.062 (0.496) |
.064 (0.506) |
| BP meds | −.007 (0.654) |
−.013 (0.690) |
−.079 (0.486) |
−.072 (0.459) |
−.083 (0.481) |
−.010 (0.666) |
−.007 (0.654) |
−.013 (0.690) |
−.042 (0.709) |
−.046 (0.719) |
−.048 (0.734) |
−.052 (0.462) |
−.050 (0.449) |
−.058 (0.470) |
|
| CES-D | .051 (0.571) |
.079 (0.219) |
.076 (0.229) |
−.046 (0.157) |
−.029 (0.164) |
.051 (0.571) |
.079 (0.219) |
.076 (0.229) |
−.059 (0.242) |
−.055 (0.247) |
−.033 (0.253) |
.015 (0.154) |
.046 (0.150) |
.059 (0.156) |
|
| Study | −.200 (0.097) |
−.211 (2.055) |
−.215 (0.080) |
−.111 (1.451) |
−.134 (1.497) |
−.200 (2.097) |
−.211 (2.055) |
−.215 (0.080) |
−.421** 2.246 |
−.425** 2.274 |
−.457** 2.308 |
−.335** (1.454) |
−.348** (1.410) |
−.373 (1.447) |
|
| Diabetes | −.019 (1.530) |
−.077 (3.656) |
−.081 (1.071) |
−.087 (2.545) |
−.019 (1.530) |
−.077 (3.656) |
.053 (1.676) |
−.054 (3.853) |
−.009 (1.050) |
−.084 (2.492) |
|||||
| Systolic BP | −.116 (0.033) |
−.139 (0.097) |
−.062 (0.023) |
.036 (0.069) |
−.116 (0.033) |
−.139 (0.097) |
−.002 (0.037) |
.329 (0.105) |
−.084 (0.023) |
.116 (0.066) |
|||||
| APEFR | .243** (0.006) |
.342 (0.018) |
.290** (0.004) |
.321 (0.011) |
.243** (0.006) |
.342 (0.018) |
.008 (0.007) |
−.300 (0.016) |
.254** (0.004) |
.270 (0.010) |
|||||
| Diabetes × Age | .042 (3.470) |
−.052 (2.411) |
.042 (3.470) |
.216 (3.647) |
.122 (2.364) |
||||||||||
| Diabetes × Education | (0.024) 3.290 |
−.060 (2.290) |
(0.024) 3.290 |
−.086 (3.483) |
−.036 (2.242) |
||||||||||
| Systolic BP × Age | −.029 (0.095) |
−.128 (0.067) |
−.029 (0.095) |
−.276 (0.102) |
−.219 (1.064) |
||||||||||
| Systolic BP × Education | −.029 (0.095) |
.038 (0.050) |
−.029 (0.095) |
−.084 (0.077) |
.004 (0.049) |
||||||||||
| APEFR × Age | −.042 (0.013) |
−.089 (0.010) |
−.042 (0.013) |
.149 (0.015) |
−.046 (0.009) |
||||||||||
| APEFR × Education | −.075 (0.013) |
.043 (0.009) |
−.075 (0.013) |
.219 (0.014) |
.011 (0.009) |
||||||||||
| F | 2.733** | 2.880** | 1.843* | 16.475** | 15.307** | 9.827** | 2.733** | 2.880** | 1.843** | 8.449** | 6.073** | 4.474** | 9.054** | 8.090** | 5.258** |
| Adjusted R2 | .090 | .128 | .092 | .469 | .529 | .517 | .090 | .128 | .092 | .306 | .292 | .304 | .314 | .356 | .339 |
Note. SPMSQ = short portable mental status questionnaire; Digit Symbol = Digit Symbol Substitution Test; BP = blood pressure; CES-D = Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale; APEFR = average peak expiratory flow rate.
*
p < .05.
**
p < .01.