Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Incidence of DR at 4 to 5 years	6	3053	Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI)	0.80 [0.71, 0.92]
1.1 Normotensives/treated hypertensives	2	1659	Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI)	0.84 [0.73, 0.98]
1.2 Hypertensives	4	1394	Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI)	0.72 [0.56, 0.93]
2 Progression of DR, 4 to 5 years	4	4589	Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI)	0.88 [0.73, 1.05]
2.1 Normotensives/treated hypertensives	2	3810	Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI)	0.94 [0.81, 1.09]
2.2 Hypertensives	2	779	Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI)	0.73 [0.51, 1.06]
3 Combined incidence and progression of DR, 4 to 5 years	5	2587	Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI)	0.78 [0.63, 0.97]
3.1 Normotensives/treated hypertensives	3	1966	Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI)	0.81 [0.57, 1.16]
3.2 Hypertensives	2	621	Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI)	0.72 [0.48, 1.08]
4 Incidence of PDR/CSME at 4 to 5 years	6	6573	Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI)	0.95 [0.83, 1.09]
4.1 Normotensives/treated hypertensives	3	4033	Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI)	1.01 [0.87, 1.16]
4.2 Hypertensives	3	2540	Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI)	0.76 [0.56, 1.02]
5 Visual acuity (loss of 3 lines or more), 4 to 5 years	2	2326	Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI)	1.06 [0.85, 1.33]
5.1 Normotensives/treated hypertensives	1	1546	Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI)	1.12 [0.95, 1.32]
5.2 Hypertensives	1	780	Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI)	0.83 [0.51, 1.36]
6 Adverse events - All cause mortality	7	6709	Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI)	0.86 [0.64, 1.14]
6.1 Normotensives/treated hypertensives	4	5704	Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI)	1.02 [0.74, 1.42]
6.2 Hypertensives	3	1005	Risk Ratio (M-H, Random, 95% CI)	0.51 [0.29, 0.89]