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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Anesthesiology. 2015 May;122(5):1075–1083. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000561

Figure 7. Effect of different anesthetics on autophagy.

Figure 7

(A) Anesthesia was induced in BL6 mice using different anesthetics including isoflurane (‘Iso’), ketamine+xylazine (‘Ket+Xy’), ketamine (‘Ket’), pentobarbital (‘Pento’), or propofol (‘Propofol’). The tibialis anterior muscle samples were harvested at 2 h and were analyzed by Western blots together with control sample. As compared to the control, all samples from anesthetized mice showed increased LC3II species, indicative of upregulation of autophagy. As the loading control, GAPDH (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase) was blotted. (B) Densitometry of each band was performed and the ratio of LC3II/GAPDH was calculated. Relative ratio of LCII/GAPDH as compared to the basal value at time 0 was plotted in percentage with the standard error. * LC3II/GAPDH ratio of control was smaller than any group receiving an anesthetic (p<0.05, Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn’s comparison, n=4). By ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparison, all anesthetic treatments were significantly higher than control (p<0.01). No statistical difference was found among anesthetics (n.s.). MW (kD) = molecular weight in kilodalton. The labeling for each treatment in the quantification panel (B) corresponds to each lane of the gel picture in (A).