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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Anesthesiology. 2015 Jun;122(6):1401–1413. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000619

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Ten days after nerve injury, protein expressions of phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase α (pAMPK) and glial glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) in the spinal dorsal horn ipsilateral to the injury site are suppressed whereas glial fibrillary acid protein promoter (GFAP) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) are increased. Bar graphs show the mean (+ SEM) ratio of pAMPKα/total AMPKα (tAMPK) as well as the mean (+ SEM) relative density of GFAP, IL-1β, and GLT-1 to β-Actin in the spinal dorsal horn of partial sciatic nerve ligation (pSNL) and Sham-operated rats. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01.