Table 1.

Item mappings for the most recent DSM-5-based latent models of PTSD

Symptom	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4
1. Intrusive thoughts	Re	Re	Re	Re
2. Nightmares	Re	Re	Re	Re
3. Flashbacks	Re	Re	Re	Re
4. Emotional cue reactivity	Re	Re	Re	Re
5. Physiological cue reactivity	Re	Re	Re	Re
6. Avoidance of thoughts	Av	Av	Av	Av
7. Avoidance of reminders	Av	Av	Av	Av
8. Trauma-related amnesia	NACM	NACM	NACM	NA
9. Negative beliefs	NACM	NACM	NACM	NA
10. Blame of self or others	NACM	NACM	NACM	NA
11. Negative trauma-related emotions	NACM	NACM	NACM	NA
12. Loss of interest	NACM	NACM	An	An
13. Detachment	NACM	NACM	An	An
14. Restricted affect	NACM	NACM	An	An
15. Irritability/anger	H	EB	DA	EB
16. Self-destructive/reckless behaviour	H	EB	DA	EB
17. Hypervigilance	H	AA	AA	AA
18. Exaggerated startle response	H	AA	AA	AA
19. Difficulty concentrating	H	DA	DA	DA
20. Sleep disturbance	H	DA	DA	DA

Note. Model 1=four-factor DSM-5 model; Model 2=six-factor externalising behaviours model; Model 3=six-factor anhedonia model; Model 4=seven-factor hybrid model; Re=re-experiencing; Av=avoidance; NACM=negative alterations in cognitions and mood; NA=negative affect; An=anhedonia; H=hyperarousal; DA=dysphoric arousal; AA=anxious arousal; EB=externalising behaviours.