Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of 2,919 participants by quartile of circulating TFA concentration
| Quartile of t-161n9 |
Quartile of t-181 |
Quartile of c/t-182 |
Quartile of t/c-182 |
Quartile of t/c-182 |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | IV | I | IV | I | IV | I | IV | I | IV | |
| Total fat (%) | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 0.11 ± 0.02 | 1.18 ± 0.23 | 2.98 ± 0.55 | 0.05 ± 0.01 | 0.11 ± 0.02 | 0.08 ± 0.01 | 0.21 ± 0.05 | 0.03 ± 0.004 | 0.07 ± 0.01 |
| Range total fat (%) | 0.02–0.05 | 0.09–0.25 | 0.23–1.48 | 2.43–8.46 | 0.01–0.06 | 0.09–0.26 | 0.03–0.10 | 0.16–0.73 | 0.01–0.04 | 0.06–0.14 |
| Adults in quartile (n) | 716 | 712 | 718 | 740 | 752 | 694 | 744 | 713 | 793 | 760 |
| Age (years) | 73.3 ± 4.7 | 74.9 ± 5.5* | 73.7 ± 5.0 | 75.9 ± 5.5* | 74.2 ± 5.4 | 74.1 ± 5.1 | 74.2 ± 5.5 | 74.4 ± 5.1 | 73.7 ± 5.1 | 74.6 ± 5.5* |
| Male sex | 40 | 40 | 38 | 40 | 44 | 36* | 42 | 39 | 34 | 53* |
| White race | 87 | 92* | 84 | 92* | 77 | 97* | 81 | 94* | 95 | 95 |
| High school education | 49 | 44 | 54 | 39* | 50 | 42* | 51 | 44* | 47 | 38* |
| CVD† | 26 | 27 | 26 | 27 | 23 | 28* | 28 | 28 | 25 | 29* |
| Hypertension‡ | 45 | 44 | 45 | 39 | 44 | 44 | 45 | 43 | 43 | 47 |
| Current smoker | 9 | 9 | 9 | 11 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 11 | 10 | 10 |
| Former smoker | 48 | 41* | 49 | 40* | 47 | 42 | 48 | 44 | 45 | 44 |
| Alcohol (drinks/week) | 4.7 ± 10.8 | 0.9 ± 2.5* | 4.8 ± 10.9 | 1.0 ± 3.7* | 3.4 ± 10.0 | 1.4 ± 4.4* | 3.0 ± 9.8 | 1.6 ± 4.5* | 3.2 ± 9.9 | 1.8 ± 5.3* |
| Physical activity (kcal/week) | 1,269 ± 1,750 | 956 ± 1,275* | 1,154 ± 1,632 | 997 ± 1,307 | 1,147 ± 1,535 | 1,067 ± 1,473 | 1,192 ± 1,650 | 1,049 ± 1,449 | 1,077 ± 1,490 | 1,004 ± 1,290* |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.6 ± 4.3 | 25.8 ± 4.3* | 26.6 ± 4.4 | 25.6 ± 4.1* | 26.5 ± 4.6 | 26.2 ±4.3 | 26.2 ± 4.7 | 26.3 ± 4.4 | 27.0 ± 4.5 | 26.0 ± 4.4 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 96.2 ± 12.7 | 94.5 ± 11.8 | 96.5 ± 12.8 | 94.1 ± 11.6* | 95.9 ± 13.0 | 95.7 ± 12.4 | 95.3 ± 13.1 | 96.6 ± 13.0 | 97.6 ± 13.0 | 96.6 ± 12.2* |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 137 ± 86 | 135 ± 75 | 137 ± 80 | 136 ± 78 | 121 ± 65 | 151 ± 87* | 122 ± 61 | 149 ± 83* | 169 ± 87 | 208 ± 38 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 57.2 ± 16.1 | 52.6 ± 13.3* | 58.0 ± 15.9 | 52.6 ± 13.9* | 55.9 ± 14.5 | 53.7 ± 14.6* | 55.8 ± 14.5 | 53.0 ± 14.0* | 53.7 ± 14.6 | 51.1 ± 13.1* |
| Insulin (international units/mL) | 11.6 ± 10.6 | 9.9 ± 4.8* | 11.5 ± 10.5 | 10.0 ± 4.7 | 11.2 ± 15.6 | 10.6 ± 5.6 | 10.5 ± 6.2 | 10.9 ± 6.5 | 11.9 ± 10.1 | 11.3 ± 7.6* |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 98.2 ± 10.5 | 95.9 ± 8.5* | 98.4 ± 10.5 | 95.9 ± 8.8* | 98.0 ± 9.5 | 95.8 ± 9.0* | 97.8 ± 9.7 | 96.7 ± 9.3 | 97.4 ± 10.2 | 97.5 ± 10.4 |
| Plasma phospholipid biomarker | ||||||||||
| 16:0 fatty acid | 26.2 ± 1.62 | 24.4 ± 1.27* | 26.4 ± 1.59 | 24.1 ± 1.20* | 25.5 ± 1.49 | 25.0 ± 1.61* | 25.5 ± 1.52 | 25.0 ± 1.54* | 26.0 ± 1.71 | 24.7 ± 1.39* |
| 18:0 fatty acid | 13.6 ± 1.22 | 13.2 ± 0.96* | 13.4 ± 1.28 | 13.3 ± 1.00* | 13.6 ± 1.08 | 13.2 ± 1.10* | 13.5 ± 1.06 | 13.4 ± 1.09* | 13.5 ± 1.25 | 13.4 ± 0.97* |
Data are mean ± SD or % unless otherwise indicated. Baseline characteristics among adults in the lowest and highest quartiles for each TFA level are presented.
*P < 0.01 for trend across quartiles.
†CVD includes congestive heart failure, CHD, myocardial infarction, stroke, and atrial fibrillation.
‡Hypertension defined as a systolic and diastolic blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg or use of antihypertensive treatment.