Table 2.
Summary of functional connectivity studies in healthy aging.
| Study | Sample | Methodology | RSN Changes | Other results | Relationship with cognition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achard and Bullmore (2007) | 17 young (18–33 years) 13 old (62–76 years) | Graph-theory | – |
 Global efficiency Localized effects in frontal and temporal regions |
– |
| Andrews-Hanna et al. (2007) | 93 (18–93 years) | Seed-based | DMN DAN 
|
FC relates to white matter integrity | Executive functions, memory and processing speed |
| Meunier et al. (2009) | 17 young (18–33 years) 13 old (62–76 years) | Graph-theory | – | Equal modularity number of modules segregation |
– |
| Wang et al. (2010) | 17 (62–83 years) | Seed-based | DMN
|
FC hippocampus-PPC | Prediction of memory performance |
| Jones et al. (2011) | 341 (64–91 years) | ICA Seed-based | DMN
|
Anterior DMN FC Posterior DMN FC |
Correlation with mental state test |
| Campbell et al. (2012) | 12 young (18–28 years) 12 old (60–78 years) | Seed-based | FPN CN
|
FC relates to task-activity | – |
| Onoda et al. (2012) | 73 (36–86 years) | ICA Seed-based | SN DMN
|
SN-Visual SN-Auditory DMN-Visual |
SN correlates with frontal and visuospatial functions |
| Tomasi and Volkow (2012) | 913 (13–85 years) | FC density mapping (whole-brain). | DMN DAN SomMotor Subcortical
|
long-range FC short-range FC |
– |
| Betzel et al. (2014) | 126 (7–85 years) | Whole-brain FC Graph-theory | CN DMN VisPeri SNÙ ^ SomMotor ^ VisCen ^ |
FC between RSNs |
– |
| Geerligs et al. (2014) | 40 young (18–26 years) 40 old (59–74 years) | Graph-theory | DMN CingOper FPN SomMotor = Visual = |
Modularity Locaf efficiency DMN–CN Visual–CN |
– |
| Song et al. (2014) | 26 young (24.46 ± 3 years) 24 old (58 ± 6.1 years) | Graph-theory | DMN SomMotor
|
Modularity Local efficiency Change in hubness |
– |
| Zhang et al. (2014) | 18 young (22–33 years) 22 old (60–80 years) | Seed-based | DMN SN CN
DAN
Visual = |
Selective vulnerability of networks | – |
| Sala-Llonch et al. (2014) | 98 old (64.87 ± 11.8 years) | Graph-theory | – |
Long-range FC Short-range FC Clustering Minimum path length |
Clustering correlates with verbal and visual memory function |
CingOper, Cingulo-Opercular network; CN, Control Network; DAN, Dorsal Anterior Network; DMN, Default Mode Network; FC, Functional Connectivity; PPC, Precuneus/Posterior Cingulate; RSN, Resting-State Networks; SN, Salience Network; VisCen, Visual Central; VisPeri, Visual Pericalcarine; SomMotor, somatosensory/motor network; , indicates increases/decreases in connectivity; =, indicates no changes in connectivity; ^, indicates non-linear changes in connectivity.