FIGURE 1.

It provides a simplified version of the proposed neural mechanisms of attachment, from input (perception) to processing (mediating neural mechanisms) to output (behavior) of the entire spectrum of what we understand as “attachment.” The figure is necessarily simplified for the sake of supporting our written description. For example, bidirectional flow is assumed, but not depicted. Input related to homeostatic imbalance promotes stress system activity with frequent release of oxytocin promoting its output (e.g., defensive behaviors), and this relationship is mediated by relevant neurobiological mechanisms central to reactive control (ventrolateral structures). Input related to homeostatic balance push output (e.g., exploration or reparative behaviors) toward predictive control composed of primarily of dorsomedial structures.