Ref (type)	Population	Outcome, Interventions	Results and statistical analysis	Effect size	Favours
Resting heart rate
RCT 4-armed trial	24 people with chronic atrial fibrillation for >1 year; aged 30–82 years, mean age 61 years In review	Resting heart rate at least 2 weeks' follow-up 86 beats/minute with verapamil 95 beats/minute with digoxin 0.25 mg daily 88 beats/minute with digoxin 0.5 mg daily	Significance not assessed
Exercise-induced heart rate
RCT 4-armed trial	24 people with chronic atrial fibrillation for >1 year; aged 30–82 years, mean age 61 years In review	Exercise-induced heart rate at least 2 weeks' follow-up 122 beats/minute with verapamil 155 beats/minute with digoxin 0.25 mg daily 147 beats/minute with digoxin 0.5 mg daily	Significance not assessed