Ref (type)	Population	Outcome, Interventions	Results and statistical analysis	Effect size	Favours
Resting heart rate
RCT 4-armed trial	24 people with chronic atrial fibrillation for >1 year; aged 30–82 years, mean age 61 years In review	Resting heart rate at least 2 weeks' follow-up 75 beats/minute with verapamil plus digoxin 86 beats/minute with verapamil alone	P <0.01	Effect size not calculated	verapamil plus digoxin
Exercise-induced heart rate
RCT 4-armed trial	24 people with chronic atrial fibrillation for >1 year; aged 30–82 years, mean age 61 years In review	Exercise-induced heart rate at least 2 weeks' follow-up 114 beats/minute with verapamil plus digoxin 122 beats/minute with verapamil alone	P <0.05	Effect size not calculated	verapamil plus digoxin