| Ref (type) | Population | Outcome, Interventions | Results and statistical analysis | Effect size | Favours |
| Symptoms | |||||
|
RCT Crossover design |
47 people with persistent atrial fibrillation for >1 month and heart failure; mean age 68 years In review |
6-minute walk distance
6 months
374 m with carvedilol 414 m with digoxin |
P = 0.49 |
Not significant | |
|
RCT Crossover design |
47 people with persistent atrial fibrillation for >1 month and heart failure; mean age 68 years In review |
Symptom scores
6 months
6 with carvedilol 8 with digoxin |
P = 0.08 |
Not significant |
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