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. 2015 Jan 21;3(2):85–100. doi: 10.1159/000371453

Table 3.

IOM events, type and duration, angiographic findings, interventions undertaken and outcome

Patient No. Pathology Endovascular procedure/material IOM methodology IOM events (type and duration) Angiographic findings and interventions Outcome (48 h after endovascular procedure)
8

  • Fronto-opercular

  • AVM (left)

 Embolization/Onyx

  • SEPs

  • MEPs

  • CoMEPs

  • (CTHY)*

  • PT (L+A, 2×) –

  • ↓ >90% MEP amplitude, extensor digitorum

  • communi (right)

  • ↓ 50% SEP amplitude, right median nerve

  • (14:45–14:51, end procedure)

  • Contrast extravasation

  • Endovascular protamine injection

  • Endovascular embolization

  • Fronto-temporal

  • hematoma

  • Motor aphasia and

  • moderate right

  • hemiparesia and

  • hemihypoesthesia
9

  • Frontal

  • AVM

  • (right)

 Embolization/Onyx

  • SEPs

  • MEPs

  • ↓ 80% MEP amplitude, left AH (14:20–14:30)

  • No changes in bilateral median and tibial SEPs

  • No angiographic findings

  • Stop embolization

  • No neurological

  • deficits
3

  • Spinal cord

  • AVM

  • (C6–C7)

 Embolization/Onyx

  • SEPs+MEPs

  • PT (L, 2×)

  • ↓ 90% MEP amplitude, left APB and biceps,

  • right APB and bilateral TA

  • (12:37→12:55)

  • No changes in bilateral median and tibial SEPs

  • No angiographic findings

  • Stop embolization

  • No neurological

  • deficits

A = Amobarbital; L = lidocaine.

*

Cricothyroid muscle.