Fig. 3.

Japanese evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for HCC: surveillance and diagnostic algorithm [6]. AFP=alpha-fetoprotein; DCP=des-gamma carboxyprothrombin (also known as PIVKA-II). Optional testing=EOB-MRI, CEUS, CT angiography or tumor biopsy. ^aCT/MRI are used for some patients even if the nodule(s) are not visualized using ultrasound because of poor visualization capability. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound may be considered for patients with renal impairment and/or allergies to contrast media of CT/MRI. Modified with permission from Kokudo N et al. [6].