Table 1.

Parameters Recommended for the Evaluation of Sleep-Wake Disturbances

Sleep Parameter	Definition	Age-Related Norms for School-Age Children
Total sleep time	Number of minutes of sleep while in bed	10 to 11 hours
Sleep latency	Number of minutes between going to bed and falling asleep	19 minutes ± 1.6 minutes
Awakenings	Numeric count of awakenings	4 to 6 awakenings
Wake after sleep onset (WASO)	Number of minutes spent awake after sleep onset during the sleep period	Less than 20 minutes for each awakening
Sleep efficiency	Number of minutes of sleep divided by number of minutes in bed multiplied by 100	90% = “acceptable” for children in laboratory conditions (95% = good night’s sleep for adults; < 80% = poor sleep quality for adults)

Definitions adapted from: Berger et al. (2005). Sleep/wake disturbances in people with cancer and their caregivers: State of the science. Oncology Nursing Forum, 32, e98–e126.