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. 2015 May 20;2:18. doi: 10.3389/fsurg.2015.00018

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Copyright © 2015 Croner, Perrakis, Brunner, Matzel and Hohenberger.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) Trocar placement for robotic based minimally invasive liver surgery, robotic trocars for arm 1-3 (A1–A3), 10 mm laparoscopic trocars for the camera (C), the surgical assistance (Ass) and if necessary pringle maneuver (Pr). (B) Intraopeartive use of the robotic arms. Arm 1: monopolar scissors, arm 2 bipolar forceps, both for tissue preparation, arm 3: liver exposure. The liver tissue is protected by using a sponge. Via the assistant port a laporoscopic succor is inserted to reduce smoke exposure.