Figure 1.

The acoustic cavitation phenomenon that occurs under ultrasonic radiation and the NP creation.

Notes: The acoustic cavitation phenomenon happens when a bubble, which was created in the liquid, grows and then collapses. The bubble grows because the solute and/or the solvent vapors diffuse into the volume of the bubble, and it collapses when it gets to its maximum size. In the preparation of nano Penicillin and nano Vitamin B₁₂, the material molecules are naturally drawn to the bubble surface, creating a shell of the material molecules around the bubble. During implosion, the molecules shell collapses into the bubble center and thereby creates a nanoparticle that contains many small molecules (a magnification of the nanoparticle is presented in the last phase of the process).

Abbreviation: NP, nanoparticle.