Table 1.
Cell or cell membrane-based drug delivery system
| Platform | Source | Payload | Remark | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carrier RBC | RBCs | antiretroviral agents, cardiovascular drugs, antiparasitics, antibiotics, therapeutic enzymes | biocompatibility, biodegradation, long blood circulation, sustained drug release, RES targeting | 61-66 |
| PS NPs | lung accumulation | 50 | ||
| Au NPs, 5(6)-CF, Rh-dextran | near-IR laser triggered release | 73 | ||
| DOX, IONP-Ce6-PEG | Magnetic targeting; synergistic effect of photodynamic & chemotherapy | 48 | ||
| TAT, OVA | antigen delivery | 58, 59, 75 | ||
| MSC, NSC | SCs | DOX-loaded silica nanorattle, DTX-loaded NPs, photodynamic agents-loaded NPs, Au NPs or AuNRs | tumor homing efficiency | 83-89 |
| Whole blood cells | mRNA | liver and spleen accumulation | 41 | |
| RBC MVs | RBCs | USPIO NPs | label and trace | 118 |
| ICG, Fasudil | long circulation time, increased cell phagocytosis efficiency | 112, 113 | ||
| Tumor cell-derived MPs | Tumor cells (H22, A2780) | MTX, DOX, PTX, cisplatin | “domino-like” tumor killing behavior | 25 |
| MSC NG, MSC MV | MSC | sTRAIL, PTX | hypoimmunogenicity, specific tumor targeting | 26, 119 |
| HUVEC EVs | HUVEC | IONPs, QDs, Au NPs | natural fabrication, easy purification | 120 |
| OMVs | Gram-negative bacteria | siRNA | low endotoxicity, tumor targeting, bioengineered | 123 |
| Exosomes | DCs | OVA, pcDNAgp120, tumor-derived antigen | high antigen presenting efficiency, minimum side effects | 108, 114, 129-131 |
| Curcumin, JSI124, siRNA, miRNA, DOX | passive targeting via the EPR effect specific tissue/cell homing |
109, 110, 132, 134, 135 | ||
| Exosome-mimetic vesicles | embryonic SCs, human U937 monocytic cells | DOX, 5-Fluorouracil, gemcitabine, carboplatin | high yield | 137-139 |
| RBCm coated NPs | RBC | PLGA NPs, DOX-loaded PLA NPs, Au NPs or Au nanocages | increased stability, long blood circulation, sustained drug release | 27-30, 140, 142 |
| toxin | absorbed toxins locking, high safety, strong antibody response | 31, 32 | ||
| Cancer cell membrane-coated NPs | B16-F10, MDA-MB-435 cancer cells | PLGA NPs | specific anti-tumor immune response, homotypic binding capability | 34 |
| Eukaryocyte membranes-coated NPs | Eukaryocyte | Si particle | preventing the internalization/uptake by macrophages, phagocytic cells or vein endothelial cells, binding to and transporting through inflamed endothelium | 145 |