Table 4.
Treatment variables and relevant clinical outcomes per PIRO category as a function of timing of antibiotics
| Antibiotics <1 hour (reference category) | Antibiotics 1–3 hours | Antibiotics >3 hours | |
|---|---|---|---|
| PIRO 1 to 7 (N = 413) | n = 101 | n = 211 | n = 101 |
| ED treatment | |||
| Number of SSC goals achieved, mean (SD) (9) | 3.3 (1.0) | 3.7 (0.9) | 2.7 (0.9) |
| Time to antibiotics (minutes), median (IQR) (1) | 41 (32–51) | 110 (85–141) | 295 (216–516) |
| Initial antibiotics appropriate, n (%) (11) | 84 (84) | 182 (86) | 73 (72) |
| Administered fluids (L), median (IQR) | 1.0 (0.5-1.5) | 1.0 (0.5-1.5) | 0.5 (0.5-1.0) |
| Administered oxygen (L/min), median (IQR) (53) | 2.0 (0.0-3.0) | 0 (0.0-3.0) | 0 (0.0-3.8) |
| Disposition/outcomes | |||
| MCU/ICU admission, n (%) (18) | 7 (7) | 7 (209) | 2 (2) |
| Total hospital LOS (days), median (IQR) | 5 (3–8) | 4 (2–8) | 6 (3–12) |
| Number of surviving days outside hospital at day 28, median (IQR) | 23 (20–25) | 23 (19–26) | 21 (15–25) |
| 28-day mortality, n (%) (7) | 2 (2) | 4 (2) | 4 (2) |
| PIRO 8 to 14 (N = 532) | n = 217 | n = 249 | n = 66 |
| ED treatment | |||
| Number of SSC goals achieved, mean (SD) (9) | 3.7 (1.1) | 3.7 (0.9) | 3.0 (0.9) |
| Time to antibiotics (minutes), median (IQR) (1) | 38 (24–48) | 102 (78–133) | 243 (201–367) |
| Initial antibiotics appropriate, n (%) (11) | 166 (76) | 183 (73) | 50 (76) |
| Administered fluids (L), median (IQR) | 1.0 (0.5-1.6) | 1.0 (0.5-1.5) | 1.0 (0.5-1.5) |
| Administered oxygen (L/min), median (IQR) (53) | 2.0 (1.0-5.0) | 3.0 (0.0-5.0) | 3.0 (0.0-5.0) |
| Disposition/outcomes | |||
| MCU/ICU admission, n (%) (18) | 29 (13.4) | 23 (9) | 2 (3) |
| Total hospital LOS (days), median (IQR) | 6 (4–10) | 6 (3–9) | 5 (3–9) |
| Number of surviving days outside hospital at day 28, median (IQR) | 21 (15–24) | 22 (14–24) | 22 (18–25) |
| 28-day mortality, n (%) (7) | 20 (3) | 26 (10) | 4 (6) |
| PIRO >14 (N = 223) | n = 113 | n = 87 | n = 23 |
| ED treatment | |||
| Number of SSC goals achieved, mean (SD) (9) | 4.0 (1.1) | 3.8 (1.0) | 3.0 (0.7) |
| Time to antibiotics (minutes), median (IQR) (1) | 33 (23–33) | 95 (81–126) | 295 (218–499) |
| Initial antibiotics appropriate, n (%) (11) | 81 (74) | 61 (70) | 18 (78) |
| Administered fluids (L), median (IQR) | 1.0 (0.5-2.0) | 1.0 (0.5-1.6) | 0.6 (0.5-1.5) |
| Administered oxygen (L/min), median (IQR) (53) | 5.0 (2.0-10.0) | 3.0 (2.0-10.0) | 3.0 (1.5-5.0) |
| Disposition/outcomes | |||
| MCU/ICU admission (18) | 33 (29) | 15 (17) | 4 (17) |
| Total hospital LOS (days), median (IQR) | 7 (5–13) | 8 (3–12) | 7 (3–8) |
| Number of surviving days outside hospital at day 28, median (IQR) | 18 (0–22) | 17 (4–22) | 20 (3–23) |
| 28-day mortality, n (%) (7) | 26 (23) | 21 (24) | 5 (22) |
Data are presented as mean (SD) if normally distributed or as median (IQR) if rightly skewed. Categorical data are presented as number (%). Missing values are shown in bold between brackets for every variable.
ED, Emergency Department; ICU, Intensive Care Unit; IQR, interquartile range; LOS, Length of Stay; MCU, Medium Care Unit; PIRO, Predisposition, Infection, Response, and Organ failure; SD, standard deviation; SSC, Surviving Sepsis Campaign.