Table 2.
The risk factors for diabetic retinopathy: Results of unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Unadjusted p-value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (in years) | 1.04 (1.02; 1.05) | 0.00 | 1.05 (1.02; 1.08) | 0.00 |
| Gender | ||||
| Female | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Male | 0.95 (0.67; 1.34) | 0.76 | 0.96 (0.53; 1.74) | 0.89 |
| BMI (kg/m 2) | ||||
| Normal | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Overweight/Obese | 1.23 (0.78; 1.93) | 0.38 | 1.76 (0.86; 3.58) | 0.12 |
| Diabetes duration (in years) | 1.23 (1.18; 1.28) | 0.00 | 1.23 (1.16; 1.31) | 0.00 |
| Being under insulin treatment | 3.36 (2.25; 5.04) | 0.00 | 3.24 (1.56; 6.75) | 0.00 |
| Current blood glucose level | 1.05 (1.02; 1.09) | 0.00 | 0.98 (0.93; 1.05) | 0.63 |
| Non-communicable diseases* | 1.83 (1.20; 2.77) | 0.00 | 1.10 (0.57; 2.14) | 0.77 |
| Smoking | 0.84 (0.45; 1.57) | 0.41 | 0.64 (0.18; 2.22) | 0.48 |
| Physical activity | 0.87 (0.57; 1.32) | 0.51 | 1.10 (0.65; 1.88) | 0.71 |
*Hypertension, heart diseases and renal diseases.