Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 May 21.
Published in final edited form as: Circulation. 2011 Dec 15;125(1):e2–e220. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0b013e31823ac046

Chart 23-2.

Chart 23-2

The 20 leading diagnoses for direct health expenditures, United States, 2008 (in billions of dollars). COPD indicates chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; GI, gastrointestinal tract. Source: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; estimates are from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, and exclude nursing home costs.