Table 7-1.
High Blood Pressure
| Population Group | Prevalence, 2008: Age ≥20 y | Mortality,* 2008: All Ages | Hospital Discharges, 2009: All Ages | Estimated Cost, 2008 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Both sexes | 76 400 000 (33.5%) | 61 005 | 579 000 | $50.6 billion |
| Males | 36 500 000 (34.1%) | 26 776 (43.9%)† | 260 000 | … |
| Females | 39 900 000 (32.7%) | 34 229 (56.1%)† | 319 000 | … |
| NH white males | 33.9% | 19 576 | … | … |
| NH white females | 31.3% | 26 342 | … | … |
| NH black males | 43.0% | 6370 | … | … |
| NH black females | 45.7% | 7002 | … | … |
| Mexican American males | 27.8% | … | … | … |
| Mexican American females | 28.9% | … | … | … |
| Hispanic or Latino‡ | 24.7% | … | … | … |
| Asian‡ | 20.5% | … | … | |
| American Indian/Alaska Native‡ | 30.0% | … | … |
Ellipses (…) indicate data not available; NH, non-Hispanic.
Mortality data for the white, black, Asian or Pacific Islander, and American Indian/Alaska Native populations include deaths among persons of Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin. Numbers of deaths for the American Indian/Alaska Native and Asian or Pacific Islander populations are known to be underestimated.
These percentages represent the portion of total high blood pressure mortality that is for males vs females.
National Health Interview Survey (2010), National Center for Health Statistics; data are weighted percentages for Americans ≥18 years of age. Source: Schiller et al.19
Sources: Prevalence: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005–2008, National Center for Health Statistics) and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Percentages for racial/ethnic groups are age adjusted for Americans ≥20 years of age. Age-specific percentages are extrapolated to the 2008 US population estimates. Mortality: National Center for Health Statistics. These data represent underlying cause of death only. Hospital discharges: National Hospital Discharge Survey, National Center for Health Statistics; data include those discharged alive, dead, or status unknown. Cost: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data include estimated direct costs for 2007; indirect costs calculated by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute for 2007.
Hypertension is defined in terms of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey blood pressure measurements and health interviews. A subject was considered hypertensive if systolic blood pressure was ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure was ≥90 mm Hg, if the subject said “yes” to taking antihypertensive medication, or if the subject was told on 2 occasions that he or she had hypertension.