Table 1. Ceramide-rich platform formation in biological systems.

Stimulus	Cell type	Cellular outcome	Reference
FasL, CH 11	Jurkat T lymphocytes JY B Cell Lymphocytes H9 (Human T Cells) SKW 6.4 Cells (Human B Lymphocytes) K50 Cells (Burkitt Lymphoma Cells) WI 38 Cells (Human Lung Fibroblasts) H9 T Cell Lymphoma Human PBL^* Murine Granulosa Cells^* Lung Epithelial Cells Murine and Human Lymphocytes^* Murine Splenocytes and Hepatocytes^* Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells^*	Apoptosis	[69,71,106,111,135 138]
TNFα	Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells^*	Apoptosis	[136]
Endostatin	Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells^*	Apoptosis	[136,139]
CD40L	JY B Lymphocytes Human Aortic Endothelial Cells^*	Activation	[72,118] [140]
Rituximab (CD20)	Daudi Cells (Burkitt Lymphoma) RL Cells (Follicular lymphoma) Chronic Lymphocyte Leukemia (CLL) Cells^*	Growth inhibition	[98]
TRAIL	Murine T Splenocytes^* BJAB Cells (Burkitt Lymphoma ) A549 (Carcinomic Human Alveolar Basal Epithelial Cells) L929 Cells (Murine Aneuploid Fibrosarcoma)	Apoptosis	[73]
UV-C	U937 Cells (Human Myeloblastoma) Jurkat T Lymphocytes	Apoptosis	[81,82]
IR	Jurkat T Lymphocytes Bovine Aortic Endothelial Cells^* SCC61 Cells (Head and Neck Squamous Carcinoma)	Apoptosis	(Zhang and Kolesnick, unpublished) (Stancevic and Kolesnick, unpublished) [110]
*P. aureginosa*	Human Nasal Epithelial Cells^* Chang Conjuctive Epithelial Cells Murine Tracheal Epithelial Cells (in vivo) Murine Lung Fibroblasts^* WI-38 Cells (Human Lung Fibroblasts) Alveolar Macrophages^*	Apoptosis Internalization IL-12 release	[94,141]
Rhinovirus	Chang Epithelial Cells Murine Nasal Cells^*	Apoptosis Internalization	[96,142]
Cisplatin	HT29 Cells (Colon Carcinoma)	Apoptosis	[87]
Etoposide	Bovine Aortic Endothelial Cells^* Human Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells^*	Apoptosis	(Jacobi and Haimovitz-Friedman, unpublished)
Cytolytic T-cells	Murine Hepatocytes and Splenocytes^*	Apoptosis	[132]
ROS	Peripheral Blood Neutrophils^*	Apoptosis	[135]
Anti- FCγRII antibody	U937 (Monolytic Cells)	FCγRII phosphorylation	[103]
Anti-tumor ether lipid (ET- 18-OCH₃)	Jurkat T Lymphocytes HL-60 Cells	Apoptosis	[143]
Cu²⁺ treatment	Murine Hepatocytes^*	Apoptosis	[92]
Ceramide (CD14 engagement)	Monocytes^*	Innate immune	[77]
Endotoxin (LPS)	THP-1 Cells (Human Acute Promonocytic Leukemia)	TNFα production	[144]
Oxotremorine (Muscarinic type 1 receptor agonist)	Bovine Coronary Arterial Myocytes (CAMs)^*	Production of cADPR and coronary artery constriction	[145]

primary cells