Figure 3 .

Main effect of Channel (speech/song) condition on (a) Mean Euclidean displacement of the jaw across all actors, emotions, statements, and repetitions (480 trials per trajectory line), and (b) Mean acoustic intensity across all actors, emotions, statements, and repetitions. Dashed vertical lines between Vocal Onset and Offset indicate syllable boundaries. Black horizontal lines below trajectories indicate regions of significance at p < 0.05. Error bars are indicated by shaded regions around trajectory lines, where error bars denote the standard error of the means.

Note: The large peak in jaw motion prior to the onset of vocal sound reflects the inhalation of breath by vocalists.