Table 1. Sample demographic characteristics (n=602).
| % or Mean ± standard deviation
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | African American | White | p-value | |
|
| ||||
| Continuous Variables | ||||
| Age | 61.5 ± 10.9 | 59.86 ± 11.14 | 64.67 ± 9.64 | <0.001 |
| Number of Years in School | 13.4 ± 2.9 | 12.99 ± 2.57 | 14.26 ± 3.19 | <0.001 |
| Number of Hours Worked per | 12.3 ± 18.9 | 13.57 ± 19.73 | 9.74 ± 17.04 | 0.019 |
| Duration of Diabetes | 12.3 ± 9.2 | 11.94 ± 9.11 | 12.93 ± 9.31 | 0.210 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Score | 25.7 ± 2.2 | 25.63 ± 2.28 | 25.87 ± 2.16 | 0.214 |
| Race Discrimination | 1.32 ± 0.63 | 1.44 ± 0.72 | 1.09 ± 0.30 | <0.001 |
| Categorical Variables | ||||
| Gender | ||||
| Female | 38.7 | 46.9 | 22.7 | <0.001 |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||
| African American/Black | 66.3 | -- | -- | |
| Annual Household Income | <0.001 | |||
| <$10,000 | 20.1 | 26.4 | 7.7 | |
| $10,000-$14,999 | 11.5 | 13.5 | 7.7 | |
| $15,000-$19,999 | 10.3 | 10.6 | 9.7 | |
| $20,000-$24,999 | 10.1 | 10.4 | 9.7 | |
| $25,000-$34,999 | 14.8 | 16.8 | 10.7 | |
| $35,000-$49,999 | 13.4 | 9.1 | 21.9 | |
| $50,000-$74,999 | 10.3 | 9.3 | 12.2 | |
| $75,000+ | 9.5 | 3.9 | 20.4 | |
| Marital Status | <0.001 | |||
| Never Married | 11.3 | 13.5 | 6.9 | |
| Married | 49.3 | 42.5 | 62.6 | |
| Separated/Divorce | 28.3 | 31.7 | 21.6 | |
| Widowed | 11.1 | 12.3 | 8.9 | |
| Site | ||||
| VA Medical Center | 48.2 | 46.6 | 51.2 | 0.284 |
| Health Status | 0.171 | |||
| Excellent | 1.3 | 1.0 | 2.0 | |
| Very Good | 12.0 | 11.3 | 13.3 | |
| Good | 38.9 | 37.1 | 42.4 | |
| Fair | 38.2 | 41.6 | 31.5 | |
| Poor | 9.6 | 9.0 | 10.8 | |
*
p-values are for African American vs. White comparisons