Effects of NPs on expression of elastic matrix-associated proteins. (A) Fold-change in mRNA expression of elastin, fibrillin-1, fibulin-5, lysyl oxidase (LOX) and collagen-1 compared to EDC controls (n = 5 per treatment condition, * denotes p < 0.05 compared to EDC, # denotes p < 0.05 compared to BNP, $ denotes p < 0.05 compared to every treatment condition). The mRNA expression levels for the different phenotypic markers for the EDC condition was set to unity to determine the fold change in their expression for the blank- (BNP) and agent-loaded NP (ANP) treated test cases. (B) Comparison of total matrix elastin deposition by HASMCs for the different agent delivery modes. The elastic matrix content was normalized to the construct weights for comparison ($ denotes p < 0.05 compared to every treatment condition).