Table 1.
The antivirals target on viral infectivity.
| Name | Mechanism/Target position | Derivation | Target viruses | Experiment | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CR6261 | Act on the hemagglutinin | Monoclonal antibody | A serotypes of IFV-A | In vivo | Friesen et al. (2010) |
| DAS181 | Hydrolyze cell surface receptor | Sialidase fusion protein | IFV-A and PIV | In vivo | Hedlund et al. (2010) |
| PVP-coated nanosilver | Inhibit gp120 binding receptors | Nano-silver modification | HIV-1, etc. | In vitro | Lara et al. (2010) |
| HP-OVA | Block glycoprotein- binding receptors | Egg white protein modification | HIV-1, etc | In vitro | Li et al. (2010) |
| GRFT | Block glycoprotein- binding receptors | Plant extract | HIV-1, etc | In vivo | Barton et al. (2014) |
| CV-N | Block gp120 to mediate fusion | Extract from cyanobacterium | HIV and EBOV, etc. | In vitro | Botos and Wlodawer (2003) |
| eCD4-Ig | Inactivate gp120 | Recombinant | HIV and SIV | In vitro | Gardner et al. (2015) |
| 5705213 | Block cathepsin cleavage | Synthesis | Broad-spectrum, e.g., SARS-CoV | In vitro | Elshabrawy et al. (2014) |
| P20 | Block six-helix bundle formation | Synthesis | Various HIV-1 strains | In vitro | Zhu et al. (2010) |
| C-AU | Block six-helix bundle formation | Recombinant protein | NDV and IBV | In vivo | Wang et al. (2011) |
| BCX4430 | Inhibit viral RNA polymerase | Synthesis | RNA viruses, e.g., YFV | In vivo | Warren et al. (2014) |
| JMN3-003 | Inhibit viral RNA polymerase | Synthesis | Ortho- and para-myxoviruses | In vitro | Krumm et al. (2011) |
| T705 | Target viral RNA polymerase | Synthesis | RNA viruses, e.g., EBOV | In vivo | De Clercq (2015) |
| A3 | Interrupt biosymthesis of pyrimidine | Synthesis | Broad-spectrum, e.g., IFV-A and B | In vitro | Hoffmann et al. (2011) |
| Ribavirin | Inhibit synthesis of viral RNA | Synthesis | RSV and HCV, etc | In vivo | Naik and Tyagi (2012) (Review) |
| Cmp1 | Anti-DHODH activity | Synthesis | broad-spectrum, e.g., HCMV | In vivo | Marschall et al. (2013) |
| antimycin A | Inhibit the cellular mitochondrial electron transport chain | Extract from Streptomyces | RNA viruses, e.g., EEV | In vivo | Raveh et al. (2013) |
| Nitazoxanide | Disrupt viral protein glycosylation | Synthesis | Broad-spectrum, e.g., HIV and DENV | In vivo | Rossignol (2014) (Review) |
| GC373/375/376 | Target 3C and 3CL proteases | Synthesis | Positive-sense RNA viruses, e.g., SARS-CoV | In vitro | Kim et al. (2012) |
| KPT-335 | Nuclear export inhibitor | Synthesis | A serotypes of IFV-A | In vivo | Perwitasari et al. (2014) |
| FGI-104 | Block hijacking TSG101 | Synthesis | Broad-spectrum, e.g., EBOV | In vivo | Kinch et al. (2009) |
| 0013 | Block viral protein interact with cellular TSG101 | Synthesis | RNA viruses, e.g., JUNV | In vitro | Lu et al. (2014) |
| LJ001 | Interrupt viral envelope | Synthesis | Enveloped viruses | In vitro | Wolf et al. (2010) |
| MP7-NH2 | Inactivate virus | Biosynthesis | Enveloped viruses | In vitro | Sample et al. (2013) |
| Arbidol | Block virus interact with cell membrane | Synthesis | Enveloped viruses, e.g., IFV-A | In vivo | Blaising et al. (2014) (Review) |