Table 4.
Clinical characteristics of OCD participants by smoking status
| Variable | OCD smokers (n=15) | OCD non-smokers (n=98) | F (1 ,111) | p | Cohen's d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age first diagnosed M (SD) | 27.3 (9.9) | 24.3 (9.9) | 1.143 | .29 | .30 |
| Y-BOCS total score M (SD) | 18.8 (6.6) | 19.1 (7.7) | .018 | .89 | −.04 |
| Y-BOCS obsessions M (SD)a | 10.8 (3.6) | 9.9 (3.9) | .642 | .43 | .22 |
| Y-BOCS compulsions M (SD a | 8.0 (4.8) | 9.1 (4.2) | .894 | .35 | −.26 |
| DASS-21 depression M (SD) b | 18.0 (12.3) | 12.8 (11.1) | 2.782 | .098 | .47 |
| DASS-21 anxiety M (SD) b | 12.1 (9.1) | 9.3 (8.2) | 1.478 | .23 | .34 |
| DASS-21 stress M (SD) b | 21.9 (8.5) | 17.7 (9.7) | 2.499 | .12 | .44 |
| IVE impulsivity M (SD) | 10.2 (4.1) | 7.1 (4.2) | 7.264 | .008 | .75 |
| IVE venturesomeness M (SD) | 6.8 (3.8) | 6.4 (4.0) | .177 | .68 | .12 |
| Number of comorbidities M (SD) | 1.2 (1.2) | 0.8 (0.8) | 1.529 | .14 | .35 |
| χ2(1) | |||||
| Comorbid any depressive disorder % (N) | 66.7% (10) | 59.2% (58) | .304 | .58 | .10 |
| Comorbid social anxiety disorder % (N) | 20.0% (3) | 9.2% (9) | 1.603 | .21 | .24 |
| Comorbid body dysmorphic disorder % (N) | 13.3% [66] | 3.1% (3) | 3.246 | .072 | .34 |
| Comorbid panic disorder % (N) | 20% (3) | 14.3% (14) | .332 | .56 | .11 |
| Currently taking medication % (N) | 86.7% (13) | 76.5% (75) | .776 | .38 | .17 |
a
Y-BOCS scores represent mild to moderately severe OCD
b
= In line with the scoring instructions, DASS-21 sum of subscales are multiplied by two; OCD = Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Y-BOCS = Yale Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale; DASS-21 = Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale; IVE = Eysenck Impulsiveness-Veturesomeness-Empathy Questionnaire.