. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 May 22.

Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2012 Nov 13;9(1):43–55. doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2012.201

Table 2.

Response of osteocalcin forms and measures of glucose metabolism to vitamin K supplementation

Form of vitamin K	Daily dose	Duration	Change in treatment group compared with control group				Body weight	Reference
Form of vitamin K	Daily dose	Duration	Total osteocalcin	Undercarboxylated osteocalcin	% Undercarboxylated osteocalcin	Glucose metabolism	Body weight	Reference
Menaquinone-4	30 mg	4 weeks	Not indicated	Decrease	Decrease	No change in glucose; increase in insulin sensitivity index	No change	125
Menaquinone-4	45 mg	36 months	Not indicated	Decrease	Decrease	Not indicated	No change	126
Phylloquinone	1 mg	12 months	No change	Decrease	Decrease	No change in glucose, HOMA-IR or insulin	NR	127
Phylloquinone	500 μg	36 months	No change	Decrease	Decrease	No change in glucose; reduction in HOMA-IR and insulin in men only	NR	120

Abbreviation: HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; NR, not reported.