Table 2. The scores of the three scales (mean ± standard deviation) and headache indices among different subgroups at baseline and at the two-year follow-up. c , d .
| Undertreated group | Treated group | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No migraine | Inactive migraine | Active migraine | No migraine | Inactive migraine | Active migraine | ||
| Number | 41 | 24 | 6 | 16 | 14 | 5 | |
| HAMD | Baseline | 22.1 ± 3.9 | 24.4 ± 3.0 | 29.5 ± 5.1 † | 21.1±3.2 | 25.0±4.6 | 26.0±6.2 |
| Follow-up | 8.7 ± 6.5 | 10.8 ± 7.1 | 17.0 ± 8.2 | 12.6±6.4 | 9.1±5.7 | 17.0±6.6 | |
| DS | Baseline | 23.1 ± 4.4 | 27.3 ± 4.1* | 29.5 ± 5.0 † | 24.7±3.8 | 27.0±6.2 | 28.0±6.3 |
| Follow-up | 9.4 ±± 7.6 | 10.5 ± 6.6 | 16.8 ± 10.2 | 13.9±7.4 | 11.1±5.7 | 16.8±9.0 | |
| SS | Baseline | 11.5 ± 5.4 | 17.5 ±± 5.6* | 23.5 ± 5.8 † | 15.1±5.2 | 21.3±5.5* | 22.4±6.3 |
| Follow-up | 6.1 ± 5.1 | 7.2 ± 5.4 | 19.7 ± 7.9 † ‡ | 9.8±5.2 | 9.2±3.7 | 13.8±5.8 | |
| HADS-D | Baseline | 13.4 ± 3.3 | 14.6 ± 3.8 | 16.2 ± 1.6 | 13.4 ±± 2.5 | 13.7 ± 4.3 | 15.8 ± 3.3 |
| Follow-up | 5.9 ± 5.3 | 6.5 ± 4.1 | 8.3 ± 5.9 | 8.9 ± 4.3 | 7.3 ± 3.7 | 7.6 ± 3.6 | |
| HADS-A | Baseline | 14.9 ± 3.3 | 15.2 ± 2.8 | 18.7 ± 1.6 † ‡ | 13.6 ± 2.8 | 15.5 ± 3.1 | 16.2 ± 3.1 |
| Follow-up | 8.3 ± 4.5 | 8.9 ± 3.7 | 14.3 ± 4.7 † ‡ | 10.0 ± 3.7 | 9.6 ± 4.2 | 11.6 ± 3.8 | |
| Headache intensity a | Baseline | 3.0 ±2.4 | 6.4 ±± 3.3* | 7.7 ± 3.6 † | 4.9 ± 3.2 | 6.5 ± 2.7 | 7.6 ± 3.4 |
| Follow-up | 1.5 ± 2.0 | 2.1 ± 2.5 | 7.5 ± 2.2 † ‡ | 2.3 ± 1.9 | 3.2 ± 2.5 | 5.8 ± 2.2 † ‡ | |
| Headache frequency b | Baseline | 4.3 ± 6.5 | 10.5 ± 8.8* | 15.7 ± 12.9 | 7.6 ± 6.1 | 11.4 ± 8.1 | 20.6 ± 13.1 |
| Follow-up | 3.0 ± 6.7 | 5.0 ± 6.6 * | 12.0 ± 10.4 † | 4.0 ± 3.7 | 6.5 ± 5.6 | 11.2 ± 10.8 | |
HAMD = Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, DS = Depression subscale of the Depression and Somatic Symptoms Scale (DSSS), SS = Somatic subscale of the DSSS, HADS-D = Depression subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), HADS-A = Anxiety subscale of the HADS
* p < 0.017 for the no migraine subgroup vs. the inactive migraine subgroup.
† p < 0.017 for the no migraine subgroup vs. the active migraine subgroup.
‡ p < 0.017 for the inactive migraine subgroup vs. the active migraine subgroup.
a Headache intensity was measured by visual analog scale.
b Headache frequency was calculated from the number of headache days in the past month.
c Patients without migraine at baseline were categorized as the no migraine group. Patients with migraine diagnosed at baseline and with no headache or mild headache at follow-up were categorized as the inactive migraine group. Patients with migraine diagnosed at baseline and with moderate or severe headache at follow-up were categorized as the active migraine group.
d Subjects with pharmacotherapy in the index follow-up month were categorized as the treated group and those without pharmacotherapy were categorized as the undertreated group.