Table 1. Means (SD) of study variables by race and SHS exposure status.
| Whites | Blacks | Total | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Not Exposed (n=96) | Exposed (n=205) | Not Exposed (n=42) | Exposed (n=72) | Not Exposed (n=138) | Exposed (n=277) | |
| Males (n, %) | 49 (51.0%) | 70 (34.2%)b | 10 (23.8%) | 15 (20.8%) | 59 (42.8%) | 85 (30.7%)a |
| Age (year) | 36.6 (4.5) | 36.2 (4.2) | 35.6 (4.6) | 36.3 (4.7) | 36.3 (4.5) | 36.2 (4.3) |
| Education (n, %) | ||||||
| Elementary school | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (2.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (1.4%) |
| Middle school | 1 (1.0%) | 2 (1.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.7%) | 2 (0.7%) |
| High school | 32 (33.3%) | 77 (37.6%) | 32 (76.2%) | 42 (58.3%) | 64 (46.4%) | 119 (43.0%) |
| College and above | 63 (65.6%) | 122 (59.5%) | 10 (23.8%) | 30 (41.7%) | 73 (52.9%) | 152 (54.9%) |
| Income/year (n, %) | ||||||
| <=$15000 | 6 (6.3%) | 12 (5.9%) | 21 (50.0%) | 33 (45.8%) | 27 (19.6%) | 45 (16.3%) |
| $15001-$30000 | 8 (8.3%) | 37 (18.1%) | 10 (23.8%) | 20 (27.8%) | 18 (13.0%) | 57 (20.6%) |
| $30001-$45000 | 18 (18.8%) | 28 (13.7%) | 3 (7.1%) | 8 (11.1%) | 21 (15.2%) | 36 (13.0%) |
| >$45000 | 64 (66.7%) | 128 (62.4%) | 8 (19.1%) | 11 (15.3%) | 72 (52.2%) | 139 (50.2%) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.6 (5.6) | 29.2 (6.5)* | 30.5 (6.8) | 30.7 (7.7) | 28.5 (6.1) | 29.6 (6.9) |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 114.5 (12.7) | 112.4 (10.4) | 119.5 (19.3) | 123 (17.5) | 116 (15.1) | 115.1 (13.5) |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 124.2 (32.7) | 128.3 (34.6) | 116.8 (34.8) | 125.1 (25.7) | 121.9 (33.4) | 127.5 (32.5) |
| TG/HDL-C | 3.4 (3.4) | 3.1 (2.7) | 2.0 (1.4) | 2.2 (3.2) | 3.0 (3.0) | 2.8 (2.8) |
| Common IMT (μm) | 726 (112) | 727 (122) | 754 (130) | 813 (118)* | 735 (118) | 749 (127)* |
| Bulb IMT (μm) | 895 (160) | 922 (201)* | 914 (193) | 998 (421)* | 901 (170) | 955 (280)** |
| Internal IMT (μm) | 677 (171) | 726 (296)* | 675 (144) | 776 (230)* | 677 (163) | 739 (281)** |
| Composite IMT (μm) | 766 (106) | 792 (158)* | 781 (122) | 879 (195)** | 771 (111) | 814 (172)** |
SHS=secondhand smoke; BMI=body mass index; BP=blood pressure; L(H)DL-C=low(high)-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG=triglycerides; IMT=intima-media thickness
a
p<0.05;
b
p<0.01 by Chi-square tests
Difference in continuous variables between SHS exposure and non-exposure groups was tested in GLM models, adjusted for sex, age, education, income and/or race;
*
p<0.05;
**
p<0.01