Table 1.

Descriptive Statistics and Correlations for Demographics, Family Functioning, and Physical Aggression

		N (%)	M (SD)	1.	2.	3.	4.
Demographics
Low SES		543 (44)
African American		862 (70)
Hispanic		184 (15)
White		186 (15)
Adult Male Present		736 (60)
Family Functioning
1. Cohesion			3.12 (.43)	.
2. Monitoring			3.02 (.43)	.49***	.
Physical Aggression
3. Aggression W-1			1.81 (.84)	−.19***	−.18***	.
4. Aggression W-6			1.83 (.95)	−.10***	−.07*	.31***	.

Notes. W-1 = Wave 1; baseline; fall of sixth grade. W-6 = Wave 6; spring of eighth grade. Low SES indicates that the individual’s family is below the poverty line. Cohesion is measured at W-1 using combined parental and adolescent-report on the Family Relationships Scale (FRS; Tolan et al., 1997). Monitoring is measured at W-1 using combined parental and adolescent-report on the Pittsburgh Youth Survey (PYS; Thornberry et al., 1995). Aggression at W-1 and W-6 is measured using adolescent-report on the Problem Behavior Frequency Scale (PBFS; Farrell et al., 2000).

^*p < .05;

^***p < .001.