Table 1.
Review of the literature on case distribution and primaries identified in bone metastases of unknown origin
| Authors | BMUO at diagnosis | Identified PC | Main PC | PC in order of frequency | Occult PC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Simon and Karluk [14] | 12 | 6 | Kidney 3 (50 %) | Kidney (3), lung (2), others (1) | 6 (50 %) |
| Simon and Bartucci [31] | 46 | 20 | Lung 7 (35 %) | Lung (7), kidney (6), breast = prostate (2), ovarian = thyroid = liver (1) | 26 (56 %) |
| Nottebaert et al. [2] | 51 | 33 | Lung 17 (51 %) | Lung (17), others (16) | 18 (35 %) |
| Shih et al. [11] | 52 | 28 | Lung 9 (32 %) | Lung (9), liver (8), kidney (5), prostate (3), thyroid (2), rectum (1) | 24 (46 %) |
| Rougraff et al. [19] | 40 | 34 | Lung 23 (67 %) | Lung (23), kidney (4), breast = colon = liver = bladder (1), others (3) | 6 (15 %) |
| Jacobsen et al. [20] | 29 | 24 | Lung 11 (46 %) | Lung (11), prostate (3), breast = lymphomas (2), kidney = ovary = pancreas = stomach = small intestine carcinoid = retroperitoneal rhabdomyosarcoma (1) | 5 (17 %) |
| Katagiri et al. [5] | 64 | 59 | Lung 23 (39 %) | Lung (23), prostate (11), breast = liver (5), others (15) | 5 (8 %) |
| Vandecandelaere et al. [1] | 129 | 84 | Lung 36 (43 %) | Lung (36), prostate (17), kidney (15), breast (9), stomach (2), bladder = colon = testis = pancreas = liver (1) | 45 (35 %) |
| Destombe et al. [24] | 107 | 94 | Lung 37 (39 %) | Lung (37), prostate (26), breast (20), bladder (11) | 13 (12 %) |
| Iizuka et al. [25] | 27 | 26 | Myeloma 7 (27 %) | Myeloma (7), lymphoma (3), lung (6), prostate (4), kidney = thyroid = liver = pancreas = stomach = esophagus (1) | 1 (4 %) |
| Hemminki et al. [13] | 501 | 256 | Lung 128 (50 %) | Lung (128), urinary (29), prostate (16), breast (14), colon (12), pancreas = gastrointestinal (10), liver (9), biliary system (4), stomach (3), mediastinum (2), ovarian (1), others (18) | 203 (40 %) |
BMUO bone metastases of unknown origin, PC primary carcinoma