Table 1.
Baseline Demographics*
| Total population n = 771 | Received hypertension diagnosis n = 315 | Received antihypertensive medication n = 286 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patient characteristics | |||
| Age, m (SD) | 54 (14) | 56 (14) | 56 (14) |
| Female | 396 (51) | 153 (49) | 130 (45) |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| White | 643 (83) | 260 (83) | 235 (82) |
| Non-white† | 128 (17) | 55 (17) | 51 (18) |
| Marital status | |||
| Married/Partnered | 440 (57) | 186 (59) | 179 (63) |
| Unmarried | 331 (43) | 129 (41) | 107 (37) |
| Medicaid, ever‡ | 110 (14) | 43 (14) | 40 (14) |
| Tobacco use category | |||
| Current tobacco use | 349 (45) | 143 (45) | 133 (47) |
| Non-smoker/former tobacco use | 422 (55) | 172 (55) | 153 (54) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2, m (SD) | 34 (8.3) | 34 (8.0) | 34 (8.5) |
| Primary spoken language | |||
| English | 712 (92) | 299 (95) | 273 (95) |
| Other | 59 (7.7) | 16 (5.1) | 13 (4.6) |
| Stage of hypertension§ | |||
| Stage 1 | 639 (83) | 245 (78) | 224 (78) |
| Stage 2 | 132 (17) | 70 (22) | 62 (22) |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Microvascular complications of diabetes‖ | 49 (6.4) | 17 (5.4) | 16 (5.6) |
| Baseline dyslipidemia | 377 (49) | 154 (49) | 141 (49) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 11 (1.4) | 6 (1.9) | 7 (2.5) |
| Cerebrovascular disease with or without complications¶ | 19 (2.5) | 5 (1.6) | 6 (2.1) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 31 (4.0) | 7 (2.2) | 6 (2.1) |
| Depression | 75 (9.7) | 26 (8.3) | 28 (9.8) |
| Ischemic heart disease# | 31 (4.0) | 14 (4.4) | 16 (5.6) |
| Low prevalence indicator** | 52 (6.7) | 16 (5.1) | 19 (6.6) |
| Baseline ambulatory visit counts, annual, m (SD) | |||
| Primary care visits | 3.6 (3.1) | 3.1 (2.5) | 3.1 (2.6) |
| Specialty care visits | 2.8 (3.3) | 2.3 (2.8) | 2.2 (3.0) |
| Urgent care visits | 0.53 (1.1) | 0.39 (0.89) | 0.35 (0.82) |
| Provider characteristics†† | |||
| Female | 337 (44) | 143 (45) | 125 (44) |
| Specialty providing majority of ambulatory care | |||
| Internal medicine | 318 (41) | 131 (42) | 114 (40) |
| Family medicine | 375 (49) | 154 (49) | 141 (49) |
| Other‡‡ | 78 (10) | 30 (9.5) | 31 (11) |
| Age, m (SD) | 47 (10) | 46 (10) | 46 (10) |
*Values represent numerators and percents unless otherwise specified. Diagnosis and treatment is based on 130/80 mmHg threshold
†Non-white ethnicities: African American (8.0 %); Hispanic/Latino (3.1 %); Asian (2.0 %); Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (0.9 %); American Indian/Alaska Native (0.1 %); Unknown (2.5 %)
‡On Medicaid during the baseline or study period
§Stage of hypertension is defined using JNC-7 criteria
‖An indicator variable was created for microvascular disease that consists of the presence of chronic kidney disease and/or eye disease
¶An indicator variable was created for cerebrovascular disease for the presence of any of the following co-morbidities: stroke, transient ischemic attack, or other neurologic condition
#An indicator variable was created for ischemic heart disease that consists of the presence of congestive heart failure and/or ischemic heart disease
**Due to low prevalence, an indicator variable was created for the presence of any of the following comorbidities: dementia, collagen vascular disease, malignancy
†† AMA is the source for the raw physician data (provider ages only); statistics, tables or tabulations were prepared by User-Customer (PI: H. Johnson) using AMA Masterfile data
‡‡ Other specialties: Pediatrics; obstetrics/gynecology; geriatrics