TABLE 2.
Pooled RRs (95% CIs) of total, ischemic, and hemorrhagic strokes by quintiles of total and dietary magnesium intake in 86,149 women in the NHS I and 94,715 women in the NHS II1
| Quintile 1 | Quintile 2 | Quintile 3 | Quintile 4 | Quintile 5 | P-linear trend | |
| Total magnesium intake | ||||||
| Total stroke | 662 | 679 | 735 | 836 | 868 | — |
| Age-adjusted model | 1.0 (reference) | 0.84 (0.75, 0.93) | 0.82 (0.73, 0.91) | 0.83 (0.75, 0.92) | 0.77 (0.70, 0.86) | <0.001 |
| Multivariate model 1 | 1.0 (reference) | 0.87 (0.78, 0.97) | 0.88 (0.79, 0.98) | 0.91 (0.82, 1.01) | 0.87 (0.78, 0.97) | 0.07 |
| Multivariate model 2 | 1.0 (reference) | 0.89 (0.79, 1.01) | 0.92 (0.80, 1.05) | 0.97 (0.84, 1.11) | 0.93 (0.79, 1.08) | 0.69 |
| Ischemic stroke | 299 | 341 | 379 | 404 | 427 | — |
| Age-adjusted model | 1.0 (reference) | 0.91 (0.78, 1.06) | 0.91 (0.78, 1.07) | 0.87 (0.75, 1.06) | 0.83 (0.71, 0.96) | 0.01 |
| Multivariate model 1 | 1.0 (reference) | 0.90 (0.77, 1.06) | 0.93 (0.80, 1.09) | 0.90 (0.77, 1.05) | 0.87 (0.75, 1.02) | 0.13 |
| Multivariate model 2 | 1.0 (reference) | 0.94 (0.79, 1.12) | 1.00 (0.82, 1.21) | 0.99 (0.81, 1.22) | 0.99 (0.79, 1.25) | 0.85 |
| Hemorrhagic stroke | 129 | 116 | 122 | 134 | 135 | — |
| Age-adjusted model | 1.0 (reference) | 0.79 (0.61, 1.02) | 0.78 (0.60, 1.00) | 0.81 (0.63, 1.03) | 0.75 (0.58, 0.96) | 0.06 |
| Multivariate model 1 | 1.0 (reference) | 0.81 (0.63, 1.05) | 0.81 (0.63, 1.05) | 0.85 (0.66, 1.09) | 0.80 (0.62, 1.03) | 0.15 |
| Multivariate model 2 | 1.0 (reference) | 0.84 (0.63, 1.12) | 0.88 (0.65, 1.21) | 0.94 (0.67, 1.31) | 0.84 (0.58, 1.22) | 0.51 |
| Dietary magnesium intake | ||||||
| Total stroke | 718 | 709 | 733 | 839 | 781 | — |
| Age-adjusted model | 1.0 (reference) | 0.81 (0.73, 0.90) | 0.76 (0.69, 0.84) | 0.81 (0.73, 0.90) | 0.72 (0.65, 0.80) | <0.001 |
| Multivariate model 1 | 1.0 (reference) | 0.85 (0.77, 0.95) | 0.82 (0.74, 0.91) | 0.89 (0.81, 0.99) | 0.81 (0.73, 0.90) | 0.001 |
| Multivariate model 2 | 1.0 (reference) | 0.85 (0.75, 0.96) | 0.83 (0.72, 0.95) | 0.92 (0.79, 1.06) | 0.82 (0.69, 0.97) | 0.08 |
| Ischemic stroke | 329 | 354 | 357 | 429 | 381 | — |
| Age-adjusted model | 1.0 (reference) | 0.87 (0.75, 1.01) | 0.79 (0.68, 0.92) | 0.89 (0.77, 1.02) | 0.75 (0.64, 0.87) | <0.001 |
| Multivariate model 1 | 1.0 (reference) | 0.88 (0.76, 1.03) | 0.82 (0.70, 0.95) | 0.94 (0.81, 1.08) | 0.81 (0.69, 0.94) | 0.03 |
| Multivariate model 2 | 1.0 (reference) | 0.91 (0.76, 1.08) | 0.87 (0.71, 1.06) | 1.03 (0.83, 1.28) | 0.91 (0.71, 1.15) | 0.71 |
| Hemorrhagic stroke | 134 | 112 | 131 | 126 | 133 | — |
| Age-adjusted model | 1.0 (reference) | 0.74 (0.57, 0.95) | 0.80 (0.63, 1.02) | 0.74 (0.58, 0.95) | 0.75 (0.59, 0.96) | 0.05 |
| Multivariate model 1 | 1.0 (reference) | 0.76 (0.59, 0.98) | 0.83 (0.65, 1.06) | 0.78 (0.60, 1.00) | 0.79 (0.61, 1.01) | 0.11 |
| Multivariate model 2 | 1.0 (reference) | 0.78 (0.59, 1.04) | 0.91 (0.66, 1.25) | 0.88 (0.62, 1.25) | 0.87 (0.59, 1.29) | 0.69 |
Values are the n of cases. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate RRs and 95% CIs. Model 1 was adjusted for age, calendar year, total calories (quintiles of kcal), BMI (in kg/m2; <25, 25 to <30, or ≥30), parental history of heart disease (aged ≤60 y), alcohol intake (0, 0 to <5, 5 to <10, 10 to <15, or ≥15 g/d), physical activity (<3, 3 to <9, 9 to<18, 18 to <27, or ≥27 metabolic equivalent tasks/wk), smoking, postmenopausal hormone therapy, oral contraceptive use (never, past, or current), menopausal status (premenopausal or postmenopausal), aspirin (0 to <2 or ≥2 pills/wk), multivitamin, history of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes at baseline, and thiazide use (yes or no). Model 2 was adjusted as for model 1 and for intakes of potassium and calcium (quintiles of g/d). NHS, Nurses’ Health Study.