TABLE 2.
Body weight and plasma concentrations of risk factors before and 2 wk after consuming 0%, 10%, 17.5%, or 25% Ereq as HFCS-sweetened beverages in young men and women1
| HFCS dose |
|||||
| Outcome | 0% (n = 23) | 10% (n = 18) | 17.5% (n = 16) | 25% (n = 28) | Effect of dose2 (P value) |
| Body weight, kg | |||||
| 0 wk | 71.8 ± 2.2 | 70.9 ± 2.4 | 69.9 ± 3.6 | 72.9 ± 2.7 | 0.0143 |
| 2 wk | 71.7 ± 2.2 | 70.9 ± 2.4 | 70.2 ± 3.7 | 73.7 ± 2.8 | |
| FST non–HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | |||||
| 0 wk | 110 ± 5 | 118 ± 6 | 119 ± 8 | 112 ± 6 | <0.0001 |
| 2 wk | 107 ± 5 | 126 ± 7 | 126 ± 7 | 128 ± 6 | |
| PP non–HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | |||||
| 0 wk | 101 ± 5 | 111 ± 5 | 113 ± 8 | 103 ± 5 | <0.0001 |
| 2 wk | 99 ± 5 | 120 ± 7 | 126 ± 8 | 124 ± 6 | |
| FST LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | |||||
| 0 wk | 84 ± 5 | 95 ± 5 | 93 ± 8 | 91 ± 5 | <0.0001 |
| 2 wk | 83 ± 6 | 102 ± 6 | 102 ± 6 | 107 ± 6 | |
| PP LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | |||||
| 0 wk | 81 ± 5 | 89 ± 4 | 89 ± 7 | 86 ± 5 | <0.0001 |
| 2 wk | 80 ± 4 | 99 ± 7 | 99 ± 7 | 105 ± 6 | |
| FST apoB, mg/dL | |||||
| 0 wk | 64.8 ± 3.6 | 69.0 ± 3.3 | 69.4 ± 5.6 | 69.6 ± 3.5 | 0.0002 |
| 2 wk | 65.1 ± 3.0 | 73.6 ± 3.9 | 73.2 ± 4.4 | 80.0 ± 4.1 | |
| PP apoB, mg/dL | |||||
| 0 wk | 62.0 ± 3.6 | 65.3 ± 3.1 | 66.0 ± 4.9 | 65.3 ± 3.4 | <0.0001 |
| 2 wk | 61.3 ± 3.0 | 70.1 ± 4.0 | 73.7 ± 4.7 | 77.4 ± 4.2 | |
| FST apoCIII, mg/dL | |||||
| 0 wk | 7.31 ± 0.52 | 8.63 ± 0.65 | 8.08 ± 0.48 | 8.20 ± 0.50 | 0.00543 |
| 2 wk | 7.25 ± 0.47 | 8.34 ± 0.55 | 8.55 ± 0.52 | 8.84 ± 0.52 | |
| PP apoCIII, mg/dL | |||||
| 0 wk | 6.71 ± 0.62 | 7.82 ± 0.58 | 7.48 ± 0.52 | 7.40 ± 0.46 | <0.0001 |
| 2 wk | 6.55 ± 0.51 | 8.13 ± 0.53 | 8.65 ± 0.55 | 8.48 ± 0.55 | |
| FST uric acid, mg/dL | |||||
| 0 wk | 4.57 ± 0.22 | 4.27 ± 0.29 | 4.40 ± 0.20 | 4.55 ± 0.22 | <0.0001 |
| 2 wk | 4.51 ± 0.20 | 4.42 ± 0.30 | 4.70 ± 0.23 | 5.03 ± 0.24 | |
| 24-h Mean uric acid, mg/dL | |||||
| 0 wk | 4.35 ± 0.21 | 4.10 ± 0.29 | 4.22 ± 0.21 | 4.27 ± 0.21 | <0.0001 |
| 2 wk | 4.22 ± 0.19 | 4.25 ± 0.31 | 4.56 ± 0.23 | 4.86 ± 0.24 | |
| FST triglyceride, mg/dL | |||||
| 0 wk | 101 ± 11 | 122 ± 17 | 97 ± 9 | 108 ± 9 | 0.0193 |
| 2 wk | 98 ± 10 | 114 ± 14 | 97 ± 9 | 119 ± 10 | |
| 24-h Mean triglyceride, mg/dL | |||||
| 0 wk | 109 ± 14 | 134 ± 19 | 109 ± 10 | 119 ± 10 | 0.0014 |
| 2 wk | 104 ± 12 | 135 ± 20 | 119 ± 12 | 131 ± 12 | |
| PP triglyceride, mg/dL | |||||
| 0 wk | 94 ± 14 | 125 ± 23 | 100 ± 11 | 108 ± 11 | <0.0001 |
| 2 wk | 94 ± 13 | 147 ± 25 | 125 ± 14 | 145 ± 14 | |
Values are means ± SEs. apoB, apolipoprotein B; apoCIII, apolipoprotein CIII; Ereq, energy requirement; FST, fasting; HFCS, high-fructose corn syrup; PP, postprandial; Δ, absolute change.
The absolute change (Δ from 2-wk intervention with sweetened beverage compared with 0 wk baseline) for each outcome was analyzed in a general linear model (SAS 9.3) with dose of HFCS in beverage as a continuous variable (0%, 10%, 17.5%, 25%) and adjustment for sex, BMI, and [outcome] at baseline; departures from linearity were tested with polynomial terms in the same model. All outcomes exhibited trends that did not significantly deviate from linear.
Nominally significant outcome that is not significant (P < 0.0031) when corrected for 16 comparisons.