Table 1.
Participant Characteristics
| Male CU (n=44) % or M ± SD (range) |
Female CU (n=25) % or M ± SD (range) |
p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age | 20.75 ± 1.89 (18 – 24) | 20.72 ± 1.62 (18 – 24) | .95 |
| Estimated FSIQ | 102.11 ± 10.24 (76 – 118) | 102.80 ± 10.02 (82 – 120) | .79 |
| Years of Education | 13.34 ± 1.67 (10 – 16) | 13.64 ± 1.68 (11 – 18) | .48 |
| Ethnicity/Race | .70 | ||
| Caucasian | 43% | 36% | |
| Black | 34% | 40% | |
| Hispanic | 7% | 16% | |
| Asian | 7% | 4% | |
| Other | 9% | 4% | |
| Annual Household Income in Thousands of | 26 [9, 61] | 33 [7, 94] | .84 |
| Dollars [Md, IQR] | |||
| Mother’s Education | 14.23 ± 2.68 (7 – 18) | 14.13 ± 3.00 (5 – 20) | .89 |
| Mental Health | |||
| BDI-II Total Score [Md, IQR] | 5 [2.25, 7.75] | 5 [1.50, 10] | .81 |
| BAI Total Score [Md, IQR] | 4 [2, 9] | 5 [3, 8] | .21 |
| WURS, % of scores >46 [IQR] | 2% [15.25, 30] | 8% [9.50, 18.50] | .27 |
| BIS-11 Total Score | 59.48 ± 9.16 (41 – 82) | 59.04 ± 10.58 (37 – 79) | .86 |
| Substance Use | |||
| Current (30 day) DSM-IV SUD | |||
| Alcohol Abuse | 11% | 0% | .08 |
| Alcohol Dependence | 0% | 0% | 1.00 |
| Cannabis Abuse | 34% | 28% | .60 |
| Cannabis Dependence | 27% | 28% | .95 |
| Lifetime DSM-IV SUD | |||
| Alcohol Abuse | 25% | 16% | .38 |
| Alcohol Dependence | 2% | 4% | .68 |
| Cannabis Abuse | 41% | 44% | .80 |
| Cannabis Dependence | 34% | 28% | .60 |
| Years of cannabis use | 5.18 ± 2.44 (1 – 12) | 4.68 ± 2.14 (1 – 9) | .39 |
| Age of 1st Cannabis Use | 15.80 ± 2.12 (11 – 21) | 16.29 ± 2.35 (11 – 20) | .38 |
| Age of Regular Cannabis Use | 17.36 ± 1.98 (13 – 22) | 17.96 ± 2.32 (13 – 23) | .26 |
| Days since last cannabis use | 4.18 ± 4.05 (1 – 26) | 5.52 ± 8.45 (1 – 45) | .38 |
| % THC+ | 77% | 76% | .90 |
| MPS Total Score | 5.54 ± 3.63 (0–15) | 4.43 ± 2.89 (0–9) | .24 |
| Age of 1st Alcohol Use | 15.68 ± 2.07 (10 – 20) | 15.80 ± 1.68 (13 – 19) | .81 |
| Age of Regular Alcohol Use | 18.12 ± 1.49 (16 – 22) | 19.10 ± 1.66 (16 – 21) | .13 |
| Lifetime [Md, IQR] | |||
| Alcoholic drinks | 569.50 [189.75, 1215] | 288 [104.50, 1527.50] | .40 |
| Cigarettes | 1512.50 [19.50, 7515] | 574 [0, 3186] | .37 |
| Cannabis (grams) | 625.15 [198.50, 2219.41] | 482.40 [124.63, 1328.70] | .47 |
| Past Year [Md, IQR] | |||
| Alcoholic drinks | 132 [33, 291] | 80 [24, 210] | .33 |
| Cigarettes | 72 [0.50, 1417.50] | 48 [0, 540] | .35 |
| Cannabis (grams) | 114 [55.65, 440.63] | 90 [24, 383.40] | .42 |
| Past 30 days [Md, IQR] | |||
| Alcohol drinks | 11.50 [2.25, 20.75] | 3 [0.50, 15] | .04* |
| Cigarettes | 6 [0, 90] | 7 [0, 50] | .52 |
| Cannabis (grams) | 10.75 [5.15, 36.68] | 12 [2.38, 33.55] | .81 |
| Neuropsychological Performance | |||
| Verbal Episodic Memory | |||
| HVLT Immediate Recall (z score) | −0.81 ± 1.23 (−3.62 – 1.51) | −0.77 ± 1.45 (−3.89 – 1.24) | .90 |
| HVLT Delayed Recall (z score) | −0.83 ± 1.32 (−4.13 – 0.88) | −0.90 ± 1.26 (−2.88 – 0.88) | .83 |
| HVLT Recognition Discrimination (z score) | 0.01 ± 0.82 (−2.83 – 0.5) | 0.03 ± 0.95 (−2.86 – 0.5) | .95 |
| Decision Making | |||
| IGT Net Total (T score) | 45.59 ± 9.50 (26 – 63) | 45.60 ± 10.26 (22 – 65) | 1.00 |
Note: all values are means, standard deviations, or ranges, unless otherwise noted; CU, cannabis users; Md, Median; IQR, interquartile range; FSIQ, Full Scale IQ; BDI-2, Beck Depression Inventory-2nd Edition; BAI, Beck Anxiety Inventory; WURS, Wender-Utah Rating Scale; BIS, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11th version; DSM-IV SUD, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV substance use disorders; THC+, positive rapid urine toxicology testing; MPS, Marijuana Problem Scale.