Table 1.
The effect size (95% CI) for the cortisol level for inhabitants in the lower stress neighborhoods compared with the higher stress neighborhoods
| Study | Neighborhood stressors | Low amount | High amount | SE* | ES** | 95% CI*** |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Karb et al. | Perceives stress (wakeup) | 0.33 | 0.28 | 0.081633 | 0.27 | (0.11-0.43) |
| Do et al. | Violence (wakeup) | -14.50 | -14.25 | 0.030612 | 0.03 | (-0.03,0.09) |
| Do et al. | Disorder (wakeup) | -8.27 | -10.46 | 0.030612 | -0.02 | (-0.08,0.04) |
| Do et al. | Violence (30 min post-W) | 8.77 | 14.55 | 0.030612 | 0.01 | (-0.05,0.07) |
| Do et al. | Disorder (30 min post-W) | 3.88 | 14.29 | 0.030612 | 0.01 | (-0.05,0.07) |
| Karb et al. | Perceives stress (30 min post-W) | 0.40 | 0.32 | 0.086735 | 0.31 | (0.14-0.48) |
| Karb et al. | Perceives stress (evening) | 0.26 | 0.29 | 0.076531 | -0.11 | (-0.28-0.04) |
| Do et al. | Violence (>120 min post-W) | -0.08 | 0.79 | 0.030612 | 0.01 | (-0.05,0.07) |
| Do et al. | Disorder (>120 min post-W) | 0.02 | 0.71 | 0.030612 | 0.01 | (-0.05,0.07) |
| Do et al. | Violence (30-120 mm post-W) | 9.16 | 8.03 | 0.030612 | 0.01 | (-0.05,0.07) |
| Do et al. | Disorder (30-120 min post-W) | 5.62 | 3.99 | 0.030612 | 0.00 | (-0.06,0.06) |
| Do et al. | Social cohesion (wakeup) | -9.14 | -10.30 | 0.030612 | -0.02 | (-0.08,0.04) |
| Do et al. | Social cohesion (30 min post-W) | 7.21 | 2.76 | 0.030612 | 0.00 | (-0.06,0.06) |
| Karb et al. | Social support (morning) | 0.37 | 0.39 | 0.081633 | -0.07 | (-0.24, 0.09) |
| Do et al. | Social cohesion (>120 min post-W) | 0.98 | 0.59 | 0.030612 | 0.01 | (-0.05,0.07) |
| Karb et al. | Social support (evening) | 0.31 | 0.26 | 0.081633 | 0.20 | (0.03, 0.36) |
| Do et al. | Social cohesion (30-120 min post-W) | 3.59 | 5.22 | 0.030612 | 0.01 | (-0.05,0.07) |
| Karb et al. | Disadvantage (cortisol) | 0.34 | 0.29 | 0.081633 | 0.27 | (0.11-0.43) |
| Karb et al. | Disadvantage (morning) | 0.44 | 0.34 | 0.086735 | 0.39 | (0.22-0.56) |
| Karb et al. | Disadvantage (evening) | 0.26 | 0.30 | 0.081633 | -0.15 | (-0.31-0.01) |
| Do et al. | Poverty (wake up) | 8.65 | -3.04 | 0.030612 | 0.00 | (-0.06,0.06) |
| Do et al. | Poverty (30 min post-W) | -3.71 | 3.57 | 0.02551 | 0.00 | (-0.06,0.06) |
| Do et al. | Poverty (30-120 min post-W) | 2.41 | 7.44 | 0.030612 | 0.01 | (-0.05,0.07) |
| Do et al. | Poverty (>120 min post-W) | 0.03 | 0.49 | 0.030612 | 0.01 | (-0.05,0.07) |
*Standard Error/ ** Effect size = M2-M1/SD/ ***95% Confidence Interval = Effect Size ± (1.96 × Standard Error of the Effect Size)