Appendix A:

Variables, their descriptions and sources

Variables	Descriptions	Sources
Life expectancy	The average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live under current mortality levels.	(22)
Total fertility rate (TFR)	The average number of children a woman would have assuming that current age-specific birth rates remain constant throughout her childbearing years (ages 1549).	(22)
Adolescent fertility rate	Number of births to women ages 15-19 per 1000 women ages 15-19.	(21)
HIV prevalence rate	Estimated number of adult population aged 15-49 years per 100 populations.	(20)
Physicians density	Number of physicians per ten thousand populations	(20)
Gross National Income (GNI) per capita	GNI PPP per capita is gross national income in purchasing power parity (PPP) divided by mid-year population. GNI PPP refers to gross national income converted to “international” dollars using a purchasing power parity conversion factor. International dollars indicate the amount of goods and services one could buy in the USA with a given amount of money.	(21)
Mean year of schooling	Average number of years of education received by people 25 and older, converted from education attainment levels using official durations of each level.	(21)