Table 2.
Baseline sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.
| Characteristics | N (%)∗ (total N = 15) |
|---|---|
| Demographics and psychosocial characteristics | |
| Age in years (mean (SD)) | 60.1 (8.8) |
| Male | 6 (40) |
| White | 14 (93.3) |
| Medical history | |
| Hypertension | 14 (93.3) |
| Hyperlipidemia | 10 (66.7) |
| Coronary artery disease | 3 (20) |
| Current smoking | 1 (6.7) |
| Body mass index | 31.03 (5.5) |
| Hemoglobin A1c | 8.7 (1.6) |
| Medications | |
| Aspirin | 11 (73.3) |
| ACE inhibitor/angiotensin II receptor blocker | 10 (66.7) |
| Lipid-lowering agent (e.g., statin) | 13 (86.7) |
| Insulin | 12 (80) |
| Oral hypoglycemic agents | 9 (60) |
| Antidepressants | 6 (40) |
| Baseline psychological self-report measures (mean (SD)) | |
| LOT-R (range 0–24, higher = greater optimism) | 13.0 (6.8) |
| GQ-6 (range 6–42, higher = greater gratitude) | 35.7 (6.7) |
| HADS-D (range 0–21, higher = more depression) | 7.0 (3.7) |
| HADS-A (range 0–21, higher = more anxiety) | 7.9 (4.2) |
| Baseline medical self-report measures (mean (SD)) | |
| MOS SAS (range 3–18, higher = more adherent) | 11.4 (3.4) |
| PROMIS-10 subscales (range 4–20, higher = better health) | |
| Global Physical Health | 11.8 (3.2) |
| Global Mental Health | 10.7 (1.9) |
| DDS subscales (range 1–6, higher = more distress) | |
| Emotional | 3.1 (1.4) |
| Physical | 1.1 (0.1) |
| Regimen | 3.0 (1.4) |
| Interpersonal | 2.4 (1.7) |
| SDSCA subscales (range 0–7, higher = better adherence) | |
| Diet | 4.1 (1.8) |
| Exercise | 1.3 (1.9) |
| Blood sugar | 5.2 (2.4) |
| Foot care | 2.7 (2.8) |
∗All figures are N (%) unless otherwise specified.
Note. ACE: angiotensin-converting enzyme; DDS: Diabetes Distress Scale; GQ-6: Gratitude Questionnaire-6; HADS-A: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety Subscale; HADS-D: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Depression Subscale; LOT-R: Life Orientation Test-Revised; MOS SAS: Medical Outcomes Study Specific Adherence Scale items; PROMIS-10: Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System 10-Item Scale; SDSCA: Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities.