Table 1.
Selected Demographic Characteristics by Language Assessment
| Variable | All | PPVT only |
EOW/ROWPVT only |
|---|---|---|---|
| N=467 N (Col %) |
N = 208 N (Col %) |
N = 249 N (Col %) |
|
| Gender | |||
| Male | 208 (45) | 101 (49) | 104 (42) |
| Female | 258 (55) | 106 (51) | 145 (58) |
| Race/Ethnicity | |||
| Black, not Hispanic | 185 (40) | 74 (36) | 109 (44) |
| White, not Hispanic | 223 (48) | 92 (44) | 124 (50) |
| Hispanic or Other | 59 (13) | 42 (20) | 16 (6) |
| Primary language spoken to child | |||
| English | 426 (91) | 181 (87) | 236 (95) |
| Spanish | 41 (9) | 27 (13) | 13 (5) |
| Gestational age…mean (SD) | 26.2 (1.8) | 26.4 (1.8) | 26.1 (1.8) |
| Birth Weight (g) …mean (SD) | 798 (129) | 819 (117) | 783 (137) |
| Mother’s Education | |||
| Less than high school | 103 (22) | 49 (24) | 53 (21) |
| High school graduate | 130 (28) | 61 (29) | 66 (27) |
| Some college or more | 224 (48) | 93 (45) | 126 (51) |
| Household Income | |||
| < $20,000 | 170 (36) | 79 (38) | 90 (36) |
| $20,000–$49,999 | 159 (34) | 75 (36) | 77 (31) |
| ≥ $50,000 | 135 (29) | 52 (25) | 81 (33) |
| Postnatal steroids | |||
| Yes | 140 (30) | 65 (31) | 69 (28) |
| No | 327 (70) | 143 (69) | 180 (72) |
| BPD | |||
| Yes | 200 (43) | 77 (37) | 115 (46) |
| No | 267 (57) | 131 (63) | 134 (54) |
| Grade 3–4 IVH/PVL | |||
| Yes | 42 (9) | 20 (10) | 20 (8) |
| No | 423 (91) | 186 (89) | 229 (92) |
| Feeding at 18 months | |||
| Normal | 248 (53) | 107 (51) | 114 (46) |
| Abnormal | 218 (47) | 100 (48) | 135 (54) |
| Feeding at 30 months | |||
| Normal | 351 (75) | 153 (74) | 190 (76) |
| Abnormal | 115 (25) | 55 (26) | 58 (23) |
| Neurodevelopmental impairment at 18 months | |||
| Yes | 111 (24) | 51 (25) | 60 (24) |
| No | 331 (71) | 151 (73) | 171 (69) |
| Neurodevelopmental impairment at 30 months | |||
| Yes | 104 (22) | 45 (22) | 59 (57) |
| No | 329 (70) | 154 (74) | 166 (52) |
| MDI at 18 months | |||
| < 70 | 87 (19) | 41 (20) | 46 (18) |
| 70–85 | 136 (29) | 63 (30) | 71 (29) |
| > 85 | 221 (47) | 98 (47) | 116 (47) |
| MDI at 30 months | |||
| < 70 | 59 (13) | 26 (13) | 33 (13) |
| 70–85 | 142 (30) | 65 (31) | 77 (31) |
| > 85 | 253 (54) | 115 (55) | 129 (52) |
| Receptive language delay | |||
| None | 203 (43) | 71 (34) | 123 (49) |
| Mild | 148 (32) | 67 (32) | 80 (32) |
| Severe | 106 (23) | 70 (34) | 36 (14) |
| Expressive language delay (Children receiving EOWPVT (N=224)) | |||
| None | 100 (39) | -- | 93 (37) |
| Mild | 47 (18) | -- | 44 (18) |
| Severe | 77 (30) | -- | 77 (31) |
Note: 10 children received both the PPVT and ROWPVT/EOWPVT. PPVT does not provide a score for expressive language. Numbers of children with missing values by variable are: gender (1), education (10), income (3), IVH/PVL (2), feeding at 18 and 30 mos (1), NDI at 18 mos (25), NDI at 30 mos (34), MDI at 18 mos (23), MDI at 30 mos (13), and receptive language delay (10).